STATE TEACHERS
COLLEGE . . .
1957-1958
Member of American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education.
Member of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary
Schools — A Unit of the Association of American Colleges.
Accredited by National Council for Accreditation for Teacher Education.
Clarion, Pennsylvania
tCde Clarion
Volume XLVII 1957 Number 2
^tate QCeacljerg College
Clarion, Pennsylvania
Member of American Association of Colleges for
Teacher Education
Member of Middle State Association of Colleges
and Secondary Schools
Accredited by J^lational Council for Accreditation
for Teacher Education
The Catalogue Number
1957-58
Published by the Board of Trustees
Entered at the post office at Clarion, Pennsylvania, as
second-class matter under the Act of August 24, 1912
TABLE OF CONTENTS / ^ S"^
Page
State Council of Education 3
Board of Trustees 3
Administrative Officers 4
Calendar 5
Faculty 6
Standing Committees 11
Purpose of the College 12
Campus and Facilities 14
Housing Facilities 17
Student Activities , 18
General Information 23
Student Personnel Services 24
Fees 28
Scholarship Requirements 33
Admissions 36
Certification 38
Student Teaching 40
Curriculums 41
Areas of Speciali2;ation 56
Description of Courses 66
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
Charles H. Boehm. Superintendent of Public Instruction
C. Herman Grose, Deputy Superintendent
TEACHER EDUCATION AND CERTIFICATION
John K. Trayer, Walter R. Willl^ms, Assistant Directors
STATE COUNCIL OF EDUCATION
Charles H. Boehm President and Chief Executive Officer
Paul R. Anderson Pittsburgh
Cathleen M. Champlin Philadelphia
James H. Duckrey Cheyney
O. H. English Abington
Millard E. Gladfelter Jenkintown
George E. Hamilton Meadville
Andrew J. Norvak Erie
Steven B. Sweeney Philadelphia
Pearl Buck Walsh DuBois
Carl E. Seifert. Secretary
THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES
State Teachers College, Clarion, Pennsylvania
Charles H. Boehm, Ex Officio
Superintendent of Public Instruction
R. R. Whitmer, President Clarion, Pa.
Mrs. W. C. Hearst, Vice-President Clarion, Pa.
Alvin B. Coppolo St. Mary's, Pa.
Samuel N. Guiher Clarion, Pa.
John H. Hughes Brookville, Pa.
Edgar S. Hugus Knox, Pa.
Francis Henry McCabe Ford City, Pa.
Keva H. L. Miller Oil City, Pa.
H. Orland Payne Clarion, Pa.
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS
Paul G. Chandler, Ph.D.
President
James D. Moore, Ed.M.
Dean of Instruction
Lottie J. Wingard
Registrar
Grace Pryor, Ed.M.
Dean of Women
James C. King, Ph.D.
Dean of Men
Richard C. Skinner, M.A.. Ed.M.
Director of Student Teaching
Frank B. Caimi, M.A.
Bursar
Mrs. Mary D. McNeill, A.B.
Dietitian
Mrs. Florence B. Megahan, R.N.
7<lurse
Bernard McEntire
Superintendent of Grounds and Buildings
Mrs. Eliza Doverspike
Household Director
CALENDAR 1957-1958
PRE'SESSION 1957
Session Begins Monday, June 3
Session Ends Friday, June 21
SUMMER SESSION 1957
Session Begins Monday, June 24
Session Ends Friday, August 2
POST SESSION 1957
Session Begins Monday, August 5
Session Ends Friday, August 23
FIRST SEMESTER 1957-58
Registration of Freshmen Wednesday, September 4
Registration of Upperclassmen Thursday, September 5
Classes begin at 8:00 A.M Friday, September 6
Evening Classes Begin Thursday, September 12
Thanksgiving Recess Begins at the
Close of Classes Tuesday, November 26
Christmas Vacation Begins at the
Close of Classes Saturday, December 14
Christmas Vacation ends at 8:00 A.M Monday, January 6
Semester ends at the Close of Classes Tuesday, January 21
SECOND SEMESTER 1957-58
Registration Monday, January 27
Classes Begin at 8:00 A.M Tuesday, January 28
Evening Classes Begin Thursday, January 30
Easter Recess Begins at the
Close of Classes Tuesday, April 1
Easter Recess ends at 8:00 A.M Tuesday, April 8
Alumni Day Saturday, May 24
Baccalaureate Services Sunday, May 25
Commencement Exercises Monday, May 26
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
THE FACULTY
Paul G. Chandler, Ph.D President
Kentucky Wesleyan, B.A.; Columbia University, M.A., Ph.D.
Ernest C. Aharrah, M.Ed., Assistant Professor
Demonstration Teacher, Jr. H. S. Mathematics
Clarion State Teachers College, B.S.; Pennsylvania State Uni-
versity, M.Ed.
Mary Kay Banner, M.Ed., Assistant Professor
Demonstration Teacher, Intermediate Grades
Seton Han College, B.A.; State Teachers College, Clarion; Uni-
versity of Pittsburgh, M.Ed.; Additional graduate work, Uni-
versity of Pittsburgh.
Helen M. Becker, M.A., Assistant Professor, Elementary Education
Graduate, Clarion State Normal School; University of Pitts-
burgh, B.S.; Teachers College, Columbia University, M.A.; Li-
brary Science, Clarion State Teachers College.
Alpha E. Bernard, Ed.D., Professor
Head of Elementary Education Department
Graduate, Delta County Normal, Escanaba, Michigan; attended
Ferris Institute and Western Michigan College of Education;
Northern Michigan College of Education, B.S.; Graduate work,
University of Michigan; Indiana University, M.S. in Ed., Ed.D.
Carl E. Caldwell, M.A., Associate Professor English, Speech
Hobart College, A.B.; Middlebury CoUege, M.A.; Additional
graduate work, McGill University, the Sorbonne, Middlebury
College, University of Rochester.
Frank M. Campbell, M.A., Assistant Professor
Foreign Languages, Social Studies, Assistant Dean of Men
Grove City College, A.B.; Pennsylvania State College, M.A.
Rena M. Carlson, M.A.L.S., Associate Professor Head Librarian
Greenville CoUege, A.B.; Carnegie Institute of Technology, B.S.;
Graduate work at University of Southern California; University
of Michigan, M.A.
Thomas A. Carnahan, M.Ed., Associate Professor
Mathematics, Safety Education
Grove City College, B.S.; Pennsylvania State College, M.Ed.;
Additional graduate work at University of Southern California;
University of Pittsburgh.
Rebecca Carrier, M.A., Assistant Professor
Demonstration Teacher, Sr. H. S. English, Social Studies
Muskingum College, A.B.; University of Maryland, M.A.; Ad-
ditional graduate work, University of Colorado.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Eleanor D. DeWald, M.S.L.S., Associate Professor Librarian
Clarion State Teachers College, B.S.; Additional work at Alle-
gheny College; University of Pittsburgh, M.Ed.; School of Li-
brary Service, Columbia University, M.S. in L.S.
Bruce H. Dinsmore, M.S., Associate Professor Biological Science
Indiana State Teachers College, B.S.; Columbia University, M.A.;
University of Pittsburgh, M.S.
Charles R. Flack, M.A., Associate Professor
Head of Library Science Department
Library School, University of Wisconsin; University of Alberta,
B.A.; University of Illinois, B.L.S., M.A.; Graduate study. Uni-
versity of Illinois, University of Chicago.
Mildred E. Gamble, M.A., Assistant Professor
Demonstration Teacher, Intermediate Grades
Graduate, Indiana State Normal School, University of Pitts-
burgh, A.B.; Teachers College, Columbia University, M.A.
Walter L. Hart, M. of F.A., Associate Professor
Head of Music Department, Safety Education
Grove City College, B.M.; Carnegie Institute of Technology, M.
of F.A.; Additional graduate work, St. Bonaventure College; Uni-
versity of Pittsburgh, New York University.
Ernest W. Johnson, M.Ed., Associate Professor
Education, Physical Education, and Assistant Dean of Men
Clarion State Teachers College, B.S.; University of Pittsburgh,
M.Ed.
James C. King, Ph.D., Professor Social Studies, Dean of Men
Northeastern (Oklahoma) State College. B.A.; University of
Utah, Ph.D.
C. A. KuHNER, M.S., Assistant Professor
Head of Geography Departynent
Ohio University, B.S.; University of Wisconsin. M.S.; Additional
graduate work, University of Chicago, University of Pittsburgh.
George R. Lewis, Ed.D., Professor
Head of Mathematics Department
East Stroudsburg State Teachers College, B.S.; University of
Pittsburgh, M.Litt.; Graduate work, Bucknell College; Pennsyl-
Vcmia State University, Ed.D.
Ralph E. Mead, M.A., Associate Professor Speech
Wooster College, B.A.; University of Michigan, M.A.; Additional
graduate work. University of Michigan.
John P. Mellon. M.Litt., Assistant Professor English
Qarion State Teachers College, B.S.; University of Pittsburgh,
M.Litt.; Graduate work, University of Colorado.
8 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Lester D. Moody, Ph.D., Professor English
Washington State College, B.A.; University of Washington, M.A.;
Ph.D.
James D. Moore, Ed.M., Assistant Professor Dean of Instruction
Muskingum College, A.B.; University of Pittsburgh, Ed.M.
Carolyn A. Mullin, M.Ed., Associate Professor
Demonstration Teacher, Primary Grades
and Assistant Dean of V/omen
Westminster College, B.S.; University of Pittsburgh, M.Ed.; Ad-
ditional graduate work, University of Pittsburgh.
Galen L. Ober, M.Ed., Assistant Professor Physical Science
Indiana State Teachers College, B.S.; University of Pittsburgh,
M.Ed.; Additional graduate work. University of Wisconsin.
Donald D. Peirce, Ph.D., Professor
Head of Physical Science Department
Oberlin College, A.B.; Attended Clarion State Normal School;
Graduate work. University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania State
University, University of Illinois, M.A.; Ph.D.
Virginl^ M. Pemberton, M.A., Assistant Professor
Demonstration Teacher, Primary Grades
Fredonia State Teachers College, Hofstra College, New York
University, B.S., M.A.; Additional graduate work, New York
University.
Morrell B. Pratt, M.Ed., Associate Professor
Demonstration Teacher, Sr. H. S. English, Spanish
Westminster College, B.A.; Pennsylvania State University, M.
Ed.; Additional graduate work, Pennsylvania State University.
Donald R. Predmore, Ph.D., Professor
Biological Science, Education
Miami University, Under graduate work; University of Pitts-
burgh, B.S., M.A., Ph.D.
Grace Pryor, M.Ed., Associate Professor Dean of Women
Clarion State Teachers College, B.S.; University of Pittsburgh,
M.Ed.; Additional graduate work at Duke University, University
of Pittsburgh, Westminster College, Bucknell University, Penn-
sylvania State University.
Martha T. Riley, M.A., Assistant Professor Geography
Graduate, Farmville State Normal School; George Washington
University, B.A.; Columbia University, M.A.; Additional graduate
work, Cornell University, Harvard University, University of
Virginia.
Mildred D. Sandoz, M.A., Associate Professor Biology
Oklahoma College for Women, M. A. ; University of Illinois, M. A. ;
Additional graduate work. University of Washington, University
of Oklahoma, University of Maryland, University of Texas, Col-
lege of William and Mary, University of Houston.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Paul L. Shank, Ph.D., Professor Physical Science, Education
Bethany College, B.S.; Graduate work, University of West Vir-
ginia; University of Pittsburgh, M.Ed.; Ph.D.
Betty Simpson, B.S., Instructor Health and Physical Education
West Chester State Teachers College, B.S. in Health and Physical
Education.
Richard C. Skinner, M.Ed., Associate Professor
Director of Teacher Training, Education
West Illinois State Teachers College, B.Ed.; Northwestern Uni-
versity, M.A.; University of Illinois, M.Ed.; Additional graduate
work at University of Illinois.
Joseph R. Spence, M.Ed., Assistant Professor
Head of Art Department
Edinboro State Teachers College, B.S.; Pennsylvania State Uni-
versity, M.Ed.; Additional graduate work, Syracuse University.
M.^RTHA Stewart, M.E., Associate Professor Librarian
Northwestern University, B.A.; Carnegie Institute of Technology,
B.S. in L.S.; University of Pittsburgh, M.Ed.
Dana S. Still, Ph.D., Professor English
Ohio State University, B.S.; M.A.; University of Pittsburgh, Ph.D.
Arnold R. Stinchfield, M.Ed., Associate Professor.... Social Studies
Bates College, A.B. ; University of Maine, M.Ed. ; Graduate work,
Boston University, Harvard University.
Waldo S. Tippin, M.A., Assistant Professor
Education, Director of Athletics
Attended Kansas State College; Geneva College, B.S.; Graduate
work, University of Michigan; Columbia University, M.A.; Uni-
versity of Pittsburgh.
Samuel A. Wilhelm, Ph.D., Professor
Demonstration Teacher, Sr., H. S. Social Studies
Clarion State Teachers College, B.S.; University of Pittsburgh,
Litt.M.; Ph.D.; Graduate work University of Wisconsin and
Harvard University.
Charles F. Becker, M.A. (emeritus)
Mt. Union College, Ph.B.; Teachers College, Columbia University,
M.A.; Additional Graduate work at Columbia; Pennsylvania
State College; University of Pittsburgh.
Evelyn J. Strohecker, M.A. (emeritus)
Graduate, Susquehanna University, B.S., Graduate work at Co-
lumbia University, M.A.; Additional graduate work, Columbia
University.
10 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Hazel Sandford, M.A. (emeritus)
Graduate, State Normal School, Fredonia, N.Y.; Cornell Uni-
versity, B.S.; Graduate work. Teachers College, Columbia Uni-
versity; New York School of Fine Arts; New York University,
M.A.; Thum School of Modern Art; Carnegie Institute of Tech-
nology; University of Pittsburgh; Study in Europe.
Bertha V. Nair, M.A. (emeritus)
Westminster CoUege, A.B.; University of Pittsburgh, M.A,;
Additional graduate work, Harvard University; University of
Wisconsin.
Harry S. Manson, M.A. (emeritus)
Graduate of Clarion State Normal School; Attended Pennsyl-
vania State College; Grove City College, B.S., M.A.; Additional
graduate work, Cornell University; Teachers College, Columbia
University; University of Pittsburgh; University of Southern
California.
Margaret A. Boyd, M.A. (emeritus)
Graduate, two-year course, Bethany College; University of Pitts-
burgh, A.B., M.A.; Additional graduate work at University of
Wisconsin; Oxford University, Oxford, England; University of
California, Columbia University.
Marie Marwick, M.A. (emeritus)
Michigan State Normal College, B.Pd.; University of Arizona,
A.B.; Columbia University, M.A.; Additional graduate work.
University of Pittsburgh; University of California.
COOPERATING SUPERVISING TEACHERS
CLARION JOINT SCHOOLS
Walter J. Doverspike, M.Ed Sr. H. S. Mathematics
Dorothy C. Hartman, A.B Sr. H. S. English
and Assistant Dean of Women
James W. Kassel, M.Litt Jr. H. S. Geography
and General Science
Lawrence W. Marks, A.B Sr. H. S. Science
Marian L. Marshall, B.S Kindergarten
Pauline M. Wiberg, B.S Primary Grades
Robert L. Wiberg, M.Ed Jr. H. S. Social Studies
CLARION-LIMESTONE HIGH SCHOOL
William Homer Kahle, B.S Sr. H. S. Social Studies
James D. Shofestall, M.Ed Sr. H. S. Mathematics, Science
Grace Stewart, M.Ed Sr. H. S. English, Social Studies
KEYSTONE JOINT HIGH SCHOOL
James R. Bierly, B.S Sr. H. S. Science, Mathematics
F. John Catalano, B.S Geography
Charles A. Eddinger, B.S Biology
Mildred M. Fleming, B.S Geography
Aida E. Hanst, B.S Mathematics
Chahner F. Kenemuth, M.Ed Social Studies
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 11
STANDING COMMITTEES
I. Academic and Professional Standing
Moore (Chairman), Bernard, Chandler, King, Pryor,
Skinner.
II. Assembly Programs
Hart (Chairman), Caldwell, Campbell, Carnahan,
Chandler, Mead. Four students to be appointed by the
Student Senate each year.
III. Athletic Council
Tippin (Chan-man), Johnson, Lewis, Peirce.
One student from Varsity "C" Club.
One student from Student Senate.
IV. Catalog
Moore (Chairman), Caldwell, King.
V. Curriculum and Instruction
Skinner (Chairman), Chandler, Flack, Sandoz, Shank,
Tippin.
VI. Faculty Council
Chandler (Chairman), King, Moore, Peirce, Pryor,
Skinner. One additional member to be invited to each
meeting.
VII. Faculty Meeting Programs
Lewis (Chairman), Flack, King, Moore.
Vni. Library
Carlson (Chairman), Becker, Bernard, DeWald, Flack,
Lewis, Peirce, Spence, Stewart, Still, Stinchfield.
IX, Publicity
Still (Chairman), Bernard, Campbell, BCing, Lewis, Mel-
lon, Moody.
X. Social Affairs
Pryor (Chairman), King, Simpson. Four students— one
elected by each class each year.
12 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
PURPOSE OF THE COLLEGE
Clarion State Teachers College is officially maintained for the
education and preparation of teachers for the public schools of
Pennsylvania.
Three curricula of specialized type are offered in professional
education: library science; elementary education; and secondary
education.
Teacher preparation requires a program through which college
graduates come to perform the offices of private person and public
teacher in accord with quaHties of good citi2;enship.
Therefore, each curriculum includes required studies in English
expression, social studies, literature, fine arts, and science, all of
which express the social heritage and convey customs and practices
of democratic kind.
Professional preparation in each curriculum is based upon ade'
quate mastery of subject matter which is designed to give proficiency
in teaching and upon adequate knowledge of psychology and phi-
losophy to enable teachers to interest and instruct pupils.
Specific Objectives:
1. To develop an understanding and appreciation of American
democracy and the function of the public school in a demo'
cratic society.
2. To develop respect for the rights, responsibilities, and welfare
of others.
3. To emphasi2;e the moral, spiritual, and aesthetic values which
will strengthen the individual in his personal and professional
life.
4. To guide students so as to encourage them to enter the pro-
fession and continue in it.
5. To promote an understanding of children and youth in re-
lation to their individual differences, the learning process,
development behavior, and the interaction of the individual
with the group.
6. To ensure the student's ability to read, write, and speak
effectively.
7. To promote use of reflective thinking in problem solving.
8. To ensure that the student is capable of developing the scope
and sequence of the courses of study within his areas of
certification.
9. To provide college classroom instruction which is designed to
help prospective teachers develop methodology for their own
classrooms.
10. To encourage students to practice recreational activities, both
physical and mental, for wholesome enjoyment of leisure time
now and in later life.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
13
14 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
THE CAMPUS AND FACILITIES
LOCATION
The college is located in Clarion, county seat of one of the most
beautiful areas of western Pennsylvania. From their site on an eleva'
tion in the eastern part of this attractive town of 4500 population, the
college buildings overlook the Clarion River and survey the sur'
rounding hills.
Clarion County lies within easy driving distance of coal, oil, and
gas fields and is therefore near to industrial areas of a diversified char-
acter. This makes possible for our students on'the-spot study of in'
dustry without the necessity of living in it.
Located as they are in the trout fishing and deer hunting area of
the state, with clear, invigorating air and pleasant, healthful sur'
roundings. Clarion and the college ofFer an environment conducive to
a nice blending of study, recreation, and happy living.
HOW TO REACH CLARION
Clarion is located on the Lakes-to-Sea'Highway. Thus it is con'
nected by improved roads with Bradford, routes 219'68; Brookville,
DuBois, Reynoldsvile, Luthersburg, Clearfield, and Phillipsburg,
route 322; Butler, East Brady, and Rimersburg, route 68; Emlenton
and Knox, routes 238'322; Emporium, routes 120'219'28'322; Kane,
routes 68'322; Franklin and Meadville, route 322; Johnsonburg, routes
219'28'322; Kittanning and New Bethlehem, route 66; Oil City,
routes 62'1?7'66'322 and 257-322; Port Allegany, routes 59'6'68'322;
Punxsutawney, routes 310-322; Ridgway, routes 219-28-322; Smeth'
port, routes 6-68-322; St. Mary's, routes 120-219-28-322.
Motor buses operate over the Lakes-to-Sea-Highway from Clevc
land via Franklin and Clarion and between Clarion, Brookville, and
points to the East. Ritchey Bus Lines run two buses a day to Pitts-
burgh and return by way of New Bethlehem, Kittanning, Freeport,
Tarentum, New Kensington, and Aspinwall. The Harmony Short
Line furnishes bus transportation to and from Pittsburgh by way of
Emlenton, Bruin, Petrolia, Karns City and Butler. Clarion is most
easily reached from the east and west by the Lakes-to-Seas-Highway
(Route 322) ; from the north by highways from Kane ?nd from Ridg-
way, and from the south by highways from Butler, Kittanning and
Punxsutawney.
CAMPUS
The campus of the State Teachers College at Clarion occupies
twenty-five acres. The grounds have been laid out with care and
furnish a beautiful setting for the twelve buildings which comprise
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 15
the college plant. The wide lawns with their beautiful shade trees
and flowering shrubs give the College a restful, home'like appearance
and provide attractive surroundings for study.
All of the buildings of the College are heated by steam, auto-
matically controlled to keep rooms between 68 and 72 degrees, lighted
by electricity and supplied with hot and cold water and all conveni'
ences of modern living.
Seminary Hall is a large three-story brick building. Here are
the administrative offices, post office, Ubrary, and classrooms.
Music Hall provides a studio, practice rooms, and instruction
rooms for the music department. Here also is located the Women
Day Students' rooms. The President's home is on the second floor.
Founders Hall is a threcstory structure providing rooms for
laboratories, shops, business offices, and book store. In it are located
the Physics and Chemistry departments.
The Chapel, an attractive stone building with a seating capacity
of five hundred, is used for college assembhes, concerts, and dramatic
presentations.
JBecht Hall, the dormitory for young women, was named for
J. George Becht who was president of the College from 1904 to 1912.
It is of modern Spanish type architecture. On the upper floors are
found accommodations for students; rooms are neatly furnished and
supplied with hot and cold water. Bathrooms with showers are found
on each floor. Two very attractive hair dressing rooms have been
installed, each equipped with tile floor and plate glass mirrors. A
pleasant lounge, a dining hall, a conservatory, and two social rooms
are located on the ground floor. There are two guest rooms on the
first floor.
Egbert Hall, dormitory for young men, was named for PrO'
fessor Walter R. Egbert who was teacher and dean of men at the
College from 1887 to 1920. It is a modern building of up-to-date
colonial architecture, containing a spacious lounge, and an apartment
for the dean of men. All rooms are supplied with hot and cold water.
Ballentine Hall, dormitory for young men, was named for
Professor John Ballentine, who was a teacher and at various times
acting president at the College from 1887 to 1920. It is a modern
building of up-to-date construction and has sound resistant walls with
insulation that makes it warm in winter and cool in summer. It is
fireproof with concrete block floors and ceilings.
The a. J. Davis Education Building was named for A. J.
Davis, president of the college from its beginning in 1887 to 1902. It
is modern in design and well-equipped. In it are located the Art De-
partment, Biology Department, Georgaphy Department, French and
16 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Spanish Department, Health Department, Psychology Department,
and other classrooms of the Education Department. The office of the
College nurse and the Student Union are on the first floor of this
building.
Thaddeus Stevens Laboiiatory School was named for Thad'
deus Stevens, the father of the Pennsylvania PubHc School Law passed
in 1834. This building contains accommodations for the first six
grades of the public school and a large, well'equipped kindergarten.
This school is used for practice teaching of college students. The
library in Thaddeus Stevens School contains an excellent collection of
books for children, as well as a museum in which are found many
articles to be borrowed for class use.
The Harvey Gymnasium was named for Frank Laird Harvey,
a Trustee of the College from 1911 to 1932. The building is ade'
quately provided with equipment of all kinds, recreation rooms, and
offices.
A modern athletic field has been constructed on the south side of
the campus. It contains a football field, baseball diamond, track, field
for hockey and soccer, and space for archery. On top of the hill is a
large, new athletic field for intramural games. Leading from the top
of the hill across the athletic field is a newly constructed toboggan
slide and skiing runway. There are six tennis courts on top of the
hill constructed of concrete and surfaced with asphalt.
The Library is located on the first floor of Seminary Hall. In its
reading room are found reference books, over 230 current maga::ines
and outstanding newspapers. There are 32,407 volumes in the library,
and 800 to 1,000 new volumes are added each year. A recreational
reading room has been provided for fiction and for general reading.
A library handbook serves as a guide to the vise of the library.
The books have been carefully selected to supplement classroom
instruction, and to provide general and recreational reading for the
student teacher. An elementary school library in the Thaddeus
Stevens Training School also serves the teachers and student teachers.
Individual needs of faculty and students for books not found in the
college collection are supplied through inter'library loan whenever
possible.
The college renders special service to rural teachers in permitting
them to borrow box libraries.
Speech Laboratory. New laboratory equipment for use in the
enlarged speech curriculum has been purchased and is installed. This
equipment includes both tape and wire recorders, the latter of the
cartridge type.
Science Laboratories for physical sciences are located in
Founders Hall, and for biological sciences in Davis Hall. Each is
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 17
well equipped with new, modern apparatus and other facilities for
adequately teaching biology, nature study, zoology, botany, physics,
and chemistry.
The Geography Laboratory is to be found on the second floor
of Davis Hall. It is well provided with maps, charts, geological speci-
mens, tables, motion picture films, and other aids.
HOUSING FACILITIES
Resident students are housed in three modern and well-equipped
dormitories: Egbert Hall and Ballentine Hall for men and Becht Hall
for women.
There are distinct advantages to dormitory life. The student
enjoys the educational adventure of group living with his own con-
temporaries and the building of friendships with a wide group of
individuals. In such an environment, the student can acquire certain
important social graces and poise from a number of social situations.
At the same time more careful supervision of study and rest habits
result in improved scholastic standing.
Becht Hall for Women houses 160 women and is located on
Wood Street. The majority of rooms are for two students although
single rooms may be secured. The College provides a bed, mattress,
two blankets, a dresser, a study table, chairs, and rugs for each student.
The student is expected to furnish sheets (54 inches by 99 or 63 by
99), pillow cases (36 by 45), towels, curtains, personal articles, and
extra bedding. Laboratory facilities are found on each floor. The
student infirmary is located on the second floor and the college nurse
has daily office hours from 8 to 12 and 1 to 5. On the first floor is
the college dining hall in which all resident students take their meals.
More than 400 persons can be accommodated in the dining hall.
There is a television room in the dormitory.
Reservations for rooms in the dormitories are made through the
Dean of Women until June 1st and after that date at the ofl5ce of the
Dean of Instruction. At the time of reservation a $25 deposit fee
should accompany the application.
Egbert Hall for Men is located between Music Hall and the
Harvey Gymnasium. It is supervised by the Assistant Dean of Men.
It has a lavatory in each room. Each room is furnished with beds,
mattresses, two blankets per person, dresser, study tables, lounge
chairs, straight chairs, and a cabinet. The furniture is new and of a
Mahogany type. Each student furnishes sheets for single beds, pillow
cases, towels, extra bedding, curtains, lamps, and personal effects. It
has a television in the lounge.
Ballentine Hall for Men is a new modem building com-
pletely fireproof and very comfortable in any season. It is located on
18 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Wocxl street behind Becht Hall and is under the supervision of the
Dean of Men. The student must furnish the same as at Egbert Hall.
It has television in the lounge.
Dormitory Rules and Regulations are for the most part con'
tained in the student handbook. Current rules and regulations and
the social program of the dormitories are all handled by the various
House Councils. Hov^ever, conduct unbecoming the teaching prO'
fession such as drinking, gambling, shooting firecrackers, or the willful
destruction of property are grounds for dismissal from the college.
College authorities can enter any room for inspection at any time.
Living Outside Dormitories. Non-resident women students
commute or live at home in town. Women students are not per-
mitted to take their board and room outside the dormitory except in
the homes of relatives, or unless they are working for their room and
board. In any of these cases permission must first be obtained from
the President and the Dean of Women. This arrangement must be
made in advance with the administration and the student may only
live in homes previously approved by the College. Any change in
residence during the school year must have the approval of the proper
authorities before the change is made.
Commuting Students' Rooms. A large attractive room on
the first floor of Music Hall is furnished for commuting women stU'
dents. Comfortable vdcker furniture, cots for relaxation, mirrors,
book cases, tables for lunches and study, and lavatory facilities are
arranged for the convenience of the students who commute from
nearby communities.
In the basement of Davis Hall is a comfortable living and lunch
room for the men students who commute. This room is furnished
with lockers for the protection of student property.
STUDENT ACTIVITIES
The Purpose of Student Activities is self-development. The
responsibihty for their success rests on the shoulders of the students.
The meeting of each club is one period in length for which provision
is made of the regular daily schedule. Some clubs meet every week;
others meet every other week. Students may participate in one of
the activities which meet every VN^eek or in two of the activities which
meet every other wek. However, this regulation need not exclude par-
ticipation in music or athletic activities if the student desires such
activities.
The plan of student participation has been very satisfactory. The
College does not welcome as students young men or women who will
not cheerfully accept and willingly conform to regulations demanded
by the interests of all.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 19
The Student Senate of the college distributes the student activity
funds to various student organizations. These organizations minister
to the social needs of the students. These funds consist of the students'
activity fees. From these funds are financed the student activities of
varsity athletics, musical organizations of band, choir, and ensembles;
the dramatics, the college yearbook, college newspaper, and such clubs
as Camera Club, Outdoor Club, Art Club, Rifle Club, Student Chris'
tian Association, Newman Club, International Relations Club, Future
Teachers of America, and Association of Childhood Education. The
social committee, made up of students and teachers, plan dances and
parties, and the lecture and entertainment committee, made up of four
students and four teachers, selects assembly programs.
The Social Program. A wide variety of social activities is
distributed throughout the year to give students practice in correct
social convention and to give them opportunity to assist in and manage
their social afi^airs.
Among the major events of the year are : The Cook Forest Picnic,
Homecoming Day, Christmas, Pan-Hellenic and interfraternity dances,
banquets, and Alumni Week-end. During the year there are recep'
tions, teas, banquets, luncheons, and special dinners. These activities
usually center in the Lounge, Dining Hall, and Social Room of Becht
Piall. Sorority and fraternity functions also contribute to the objec
tives of the social program.
The social functions are financed by the students and managed
by the Social Committee, which consists of equal student and faculty
representation. Persons who are not enrolled in the College are ad'
mitted to parties, dances, and other events only as guests of regular
students or faculty members.
In addition to the above mentioned functions, various clubs have
outings and informal parties. Students dance in the gymnasium Sat-
urday evenings until 10:30 o'clock.
A dean of women and a dean of men devote time to student
interests and social life. The students are surrounded by influences
to make hfe happy, cultured, and worthwhile.
RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS
The Newman Club is a co-educational organization which pny
vides for the spiritual and cultural heritage of Catholic students. Its
activities are guided by a priest chaplain; its policies are suggested by
the National Federation and the Regional Province of Newman
Clubs, to which the chapter on Clarion Campus belongs.
The Student Christian Association holds weekly meetings
on Wednesday evening. The students plan and conduct their own
meetings. Each semester the association holds a reception for new
students.
20 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
In the Sunday Schools, connected with the various chxarches
in Clarion, classes have been formed especially for college students.
Students are urged to make a choice of one of the churches in the
town for regular attendance and to be present at the services in the
churches so selected at least once each Sunday.
PROFESSIONAL CLUBS
The Future Teachers of America Chapter is unique in that
it is the only organization in the College that gives or has the possi'
bility of giving students the opportimity for active participation in
local, state, and national educational associations.
Through the F.T.A. the student member estabHshes a professional
citizenship he will wish to continue as long as he is a teacher. Student
members receive each month the state and national educational
publications.
The F.T.A. projects and merit points are designed to give each
member special training in leadership. Superintendents and placement
bureaus report that membership in the F.T.A. and the number of
merit points held are frequently the determining factors in choosing
between candidates for a teaching position.
Membership in F.T.A. should be esteemed an honor and an
opportimity. The National Education Association believes that no
greater honor can come to a student than to be recognized as a member
of the Future Teachers of America.
Association for Childhood Education is a world wide organi'
zation whose purpose is to provide better educational opportunities for
children of the kindergarten, primary, and intermediate age levels; to
promote modem education for all children; to promote the best
methods and techniques of teaching; and to raise the standards of
teacher training throughout the world. All teachers, administrators,
and students interested in elementary education are eligible for
membership.
The Art Club is an extra curricular organization maintained for
the purpose of benefiting those students who are particularly interested
in some phase of art activity and to contribute what it can to the art
of the community and the college. Its program varies from year to
year, but sponsoring moving pictures on art subjects and bringing
exhibitions of artistic merit to the College have been among its activi'
ties. When the Club is so inclined, a trip to Pittsburgh is taken to
visit the Carnegie Galleries and other buildings of interest. The Club
tries to aid other organizations in the College, through the making of
posters, lettering of certificates, and assisting with dance decorations.
The Art and Press Club banquet is a colorful event in which both
Clubs join.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 2I
Dramatics. The campus dramatic organization is known as the
College Players. Opportunities for gaining experience in the various
phases ot play production are afforded through the regularly scheduled
club programs and through public productions. By means of discussion
and demonstration, members gain a working knowledge of the prin-
ciples of stage lighting, costuming, make-up, acting, and directing
Membership in the organisation is determined by competitive trvoute
open to all.
The Geography Club offers students an opportunity to study
phases of geography that are of greatest interest. Student members
assume all responsibiUty of the club organization and plan all programs
for the interest of the group. Every member is given an opportunity
to make some contnbution to the success of the Club. Planned field
tnps afford observation of activities in the natural geographic setting.
The International Relations Club has a definite objective-
namely, to stimulate and intensify the interest of all students in the
scientific and unbiased study of society and its problems. It is here
that pohtical, economic, and social questions may be discussed openly
and freely.
Music Organizations: Musical organizations are A Cappella
Choir, Band, Girls' Ensemble, and Men's Quartet. Students have an
opportunity to continue their previous training in singing the best type
of music available. The students in the A Cappella Choir make a
number of trips to sing at high schools and churches each year.
Outdoor Club. Activities: Nature hikes, camping, marksman-
ship, swimming, boating, fishing, bicycle riding, athletic games, skating,
tobogganing, archery, horseshoe pitching, and lawn bowling.
The Camera Club is planned to give students formerly inter-
ested in photography an opportunity to continue their hobby and to
furnish a new hobby for those students who have recently become
interested in the study of photography.
The Press Club has the publication of the college paper, "The
Clarion Call", as its main objective. It aims also to give the prospective
teachers training they will need later in directing school publications.
In the programs presented at the Press Club meetings, various types
of newspaper articles are discussed, and illustrations of the best are
read. The papers from other colleges are studied and through com-
parison and constructive criticism the students attempt to improve the
quality of their own College paper. A trip is made each year to either
Pittsburgh or the local printing office to learn how a newspaper is
published.
ATHLETIC ORGANIZATIONS
Athletics for Women. Provision for participation of all
women students in many forms of athletics is made. Speedball, soccer.
22 dJ^RION, PENNSYLVANIA
volleyball, basketball, baseball, tennis, archery, golf, hiking, and other
sports are available for students. Minor activities in badminton,
shuffleboard, and ping'pong are also available.
Intramural competition for women is sponsored by the Women's
Athletic Council which is an organization composed of women who
have attained eligibility through a sports point system. The intra'
mural program furnishes an opportunity for those with officiating as
well as playing abilities. Coaching advantages offered in this way
have helped some girls with summer camp problems in the techniques
of directing sports.
Development of desirable traits of sportsmanship, leadership and
ability to work and play with others is promoted at all times. Personal
skills and efforts toward their improvement by individuals are likewise
encouraged through class intramural participation. The purpose of
the program is to make it functional in the life of the individual in
school and after graduation.
Athletics for Men. In addition to the required courses in
physical education, men may receive extra'curricular credit for par'
ticipation in intercollegiate athletics and in intramural athletics.
Clarion plays other colleges in football, baseball, tennis, basketball,
and sometimes maintains teams in track and wrestling. The men par'
ticipate on intramural teams in touch football, basketball, baseball,
soccer, volleyball, badminton, table tennis, handball, and horseshoes.
There are also available for exercise such facilities as skiing, tobogg'
aning, archery, shuffleboard, and hiking.
The College has six all-weather concrete tennis courts on the
campus and a good athletic field that provides for intercollegiate
football, baseball, track, and field games. This is a four-acre tract
located southwest of the main campus, conveniently near the gym-
nasium and easily accessible to the public who attend our intercol'
legiate events.
Through physical education courses, students are given the
fundamental knowledge of various sports and taught how to coach
these sports.
Varsity Club. The Varsity Club is made up of men of the
College who have earned the "C" in some one of the intercollegiate
sports.
Men's Athletic Council. The intercollegiate athletic pro'
gram of the College is by the Athletic Council working in conjunction
with the President. The Council consists of the Director of Physical
Education and two other faculty members appointed by the President
of the College, one member from the Student Senate appointed by the
Student Senate, and one student member elected by the Varsity Club.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 23
SORORITIES AND FRATERNITffiS
PaN'Hellenic Council. This is a group of two representatives
from each of the four sororities on the campus. Each year this group
sponsors a tea, a dinner, and a dance.
Sororities. There are four sororities on the campus. The Delta
Zeta and Sigma Sigma Sigma are national sororities. The local sO'
rorities are Lamba Chi Delta and Sigma Delta Phi.
Fraternities. There are three fraternities on the campus. They
are the Delta Kappa, the Alpha Gamma Phi, and Sigma Tau Gamma.
STUDENT EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES FOR
WHICH CREDIT IS GIVEN
The college Assembly Programs are held each Thursday. A com-
mittee of the faculty and students arranges the programs. Outstanding
lecturers, musicians, and entertainers appear on our platform. Some
of the programs during the year are presented by student organi2,ations
to give students experience in appearing before the public. The College
Players present plays, and the A Cappella Choir concerts. Clubs that
give programs are: Outdoor Club, Geography Club, Art Club, Inter'
national Relations Club, Camera Club, Association for Childhood
Education, Library Science Department and History Department.
Attendance at Assembly is required. Students will receive one
(1) quality point for each semester of required regular attendance at
assembly. The following policy of credits and penalties for absences
will be followed:
T^umher of Absences Grade Quality Points
1 A 1
2 B 1
3 C 0
4 D '1
5 E '1
A record is kept of students' attendance and placed with the
students' credential for graduation.
GENERAL INFORMATION ';
THE SUMlvlER SESSION
The Summer Session is maintained for the benefit of regular
college students as well as for teachers in service. By taking advantage
of the summer sessions, teachers can secure the professional training
needed to meet the requirements for standard certification. Advanced
courses are offered in the summer session for the benefit of teachers
who desire to secure credits toward a degree in education, or for
permanent certification.
Because of its location and environment. Clarion makes a strong
appeal to those who desire to combine work with recreation during the
summer. The mountain location provides a pleasant summer climate.
24 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
The Regular Summer Session of 1957 will open on June 24 and
close on August 2. The pre'summer session will be three weeks, from
June 3 to June 2 1 . The post'session extends three weeks, from August
5 to August 23.
ACCELERATED PROGRAM
Students who take three summer terms of twelve weeks each,
finish the four'year course in three years.
EVENING CLASSES
Thursday night classes are organi2;ed each semester for the con-
venience of the teachers of this area. Work done in these courses
gives customary college credit and may be offered tov/ard a degree. A
teacher may take two courses of three semester hours each semester or
a total of six credits.
PENNSYLVANL\ REGIONAL AUDIO-VISUAL LIBRARY
Clarion State Teachers College serves as a distributing center for
visual aids and equipment of the Pennsylvania Regional Audio- Visual
Library.
Films, filmstrips, and other sensory aids held in this library con-
tribute valuable resource material for the enrichment of courses of
study in vocational and secondary education. Special fields in which
materials are available include Vocational Agriculture, Vocational
Homemaking, Vocational Trade- Industrial Education and Vocational
Guidance.
Materials and projection equipment may be rented by the week
at nominal rates.
UNIFORMS FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASS
The College requires a regulation uniform for all women taking
physical education. These suits are purchased only at the College book
store by arrangement with the physical education department. There-
fore, students may save themselves unnecessary expense by waiting
until they are informed about suits before buying them elsewhere, as
other uniforms will not be acceptable.
GUESTS AT THE DORMITORIES
Arrangements for room guests in the dormitories must be ap-
proved by the Dean of Women or the Dean of Men. The guest rate
is 50 cents per night.
Guest rates in the College dining room, payable to the dietitian,
are as follows: breakfast, 50 cents; lunch, 75 cents; dinner, $L0O.
STUDENT PERSONNEL SERVICES
Clarion provides not only for the academic training of young men
and women, but also for their all-round development. To guide this
development, certain student personnel services are provided. These
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 25
services enable those enrolled at Clarion to perform more adequately
as students and to derive maximum benefit from all that the college
has to offer in the way of recreation, leadership opportunities, reUgious
activities, social functions, and various other academic, personal, and
social functions. Every administrative or teaching member of the
faculty is charged with the responsibility of helping students to make
a wholesome adjustment to college life and of assisting in the program
of advisement and guidance.
Student Guidance:
The student guidance at Clarion is organized under three prin'
cipal phases: Pre-college counseUng, testing, and advisement.
Pre-coUege counseling is part of our recruitment program of the
college. Selected members of the faculty attend high school ''College
Nights"; also, various faculty members make school visitations from
time to time. This general program is for the purpose of rendering
service to the high schools in our district.
Selected tests are required of all entering students. Results of
these tests are made available to the deans, advisers, and students.
Upon entering, the student is assigned to a faculty member who
will act as his adviser during his freshman year. When the student
makes a definite selection of a field of concentration a member of the
department he chooses will become his adviser.
A student should consult with his adviser as often as is necessary
to be assured he is meeting the graduation requirements and at such
other times as he feels the need of counseling services. There will be
definite meetings scheduled for advisers and students.
It is the responsibility of the student to check with the Dean of
Instrucdon during the Junior and Senior years to see that he is meeting
and will meet degree requirements by the time he expects to be
graduated.
Health Service:
The teachers of health and physical education of the College are
charged with health education. The Health Service at the College,
attended by a registered nurse, provides dispensary care and Hmited
infirmary service. The dispensary, located in Davis Hall, is well'
equipped to handle emergency situations, and students who are ill
enough to be confined to bed may be cared for in the infirmary. Every
student is examined each year by the College Physician.
Student Employment:
The college desires to encourage self-supporting students, but it
cannot promise sufficient work to any student to defray his full
expenses. Students who are employed by the College are paid in cash
for their services. Preference in employment is given on the basis of
need and merit. At the present time we have some places for table
waiters and typists.
26 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Student Loans and Scholarships:
Scholarships:
State Scholarships. Holders of the State Scholarship may attend
Clarion. These scholarships are obtained by taking competitive exam'
inations under county superintendents in the senior year in high
school.
H. W. Colegrove Scholarship Awards. A trust fund estabHshed
at the First National Bank of Port Allegany by Mr. H. W. Colegrove
provides for scholarships of $100 each per year to be awarded to
students from McKean County. (Port Allegany section.)
H. W. Colegrove Scholarship Loan Fund Trust. The will of Mr.
Colegrove provides that the First National Bank of Port Allegany may
make loans from his trust fund up to $200 in any one year, and not
more than $500 to any one student, at the rate of 2% interest per
annum while the borrower is attending school and 4% per annum
after leaving school.
Anna B. Lilly Scholarship Fund. A scholarship of $130 a year
established by Anna B. Lilly will be awarded annually to a student of
the college selected by ballot by the teachers of the college.
Loans:
Funds for 'Worthy Students: The Alumni Association is spon'
soring a permanent fund to be known as the Clarion State Teachers
College Student Loan Fund. It has empowered the First Seneca Bank
and Trust Company of Clarion, to place this fund on interest and to
make loans out of it according to recommendations by a committee,
consisting of the Chairman of the Board of Trustees, the President of
the College, some other member of the faculty, and two alumni of the
College. The committee has passed the following regulations: No
more than $300 shall be loaned to any student during the four years.
Interest shall be 4 per cent from the date of graduation or from the
date the student leaves school. Students obtaining loans must have a
scholastic average of at least "C".
The Loan Fund of the Clarion County Chapter of the D. A. R.
The Clarion County Chapter of the D. A. R. has established a loan
fund to be loaned to deserving students and administered in the same
way as the Alumni Loan Fund.
The Lorena Given Memorial Fund. In memory of Lorena Given,
former teacher at the College, a loan fund, amounting now to one
hundred dollars, has been established, to be administered in the same
way as the Alumni Loan Fund.
The J. George Becht Memorial Loan Fund. In memory of J.
George Becht, former principal of the college, a loan fund, now
amounting to one hundred dollars, has been established, to be ad"
ministered in the same way as the Alumni Loan Fund.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 27
The 1913 Class Loan Fund. The class of 1913 established in
1928 a loan fund of $205.35, to be administered in the same way as
the Alumni Loan Fund.
A. /. Davis Loan Fund. The A. J. Davis Loan Fund in the
amount of $362.20 is to be administered in the same way as the
Alumni Loan Fund.
The Fran\ L. Harvey Student Loan Fund. In the amount of
$1,000. The criteria to be used in making decisions as to the ones to
borrow from this fund will be: (1) The real need for such a loan,
(2) the love of children and young people, (3) a modicum of brains,
(4) an understanding heart, (5) a sense of responsibility.
The R. H. Duntley Memorial Loan Fund. Miss Alice C. Duntley
has established a loan fund in memory of her father, R. H. Duntley of
the class of 1892, and a former Trustee of the College. It amounts to
$100 to be used as a loan to a senior student of Warren or McKean
County and to be administered by the Alumni Loan Fund Committee.
The Christine A. Dic\inson Memorial Loan Fund. A loan fund
of $150 has been established as a memorial to Christine A. Dickinson,
alumna of Clarion, and for many years a teacher in the public schools
of Ridgway, Pennsylvania. This fund is to be used preferably for
elementary teaching students from Elk County, and is to be adminis'
tered in the same way as the Alumni Loan Fund.
Placement Service:
The College Placement Service assists Clarion graduates to obtain
teaching positions in the public schools of Pennsylvania. Staff vacancy
notices are received from the public schools in Western Pennsylvania
and are relayed to those registered with the Placement Service as
active candidates for employment. Assistance is given college students
and school officials in the arrangement of employment interviews.
Teacher placement records are prepared and distributed to support the
candidacy of registrants. Student teaching skill, conduct, and general
demeanor of students is presented in a professional manner by the
Placement Service for review by prospective employers.
The Placement Service is a free service. Graduates of former
years are served as well as current seniors, and all are urged to keep up
their contacts with the Placement Service as means of professional
promotion.
Counseling and guidance in placement matters are provided all
registrants. Placement Services are provided to those living off campus
as well as to dormitory residents. Following graduation, placement
matters are handled by mail and telephone correspondence.
28 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Address all communications to R. C. Skinner, Director of
Teacher Training.
Veterans' Guidance:
Clarion is approved by the Veterans Administration to offer the
regular degree curriculum to veterans and children of deceased
veterans.
Credit for educational experience in the Armed Services is
allovv^ed on the basis of the recommendation of the American Council
on Education.
Veterans seeking information should consult the Dean of
Instruction.
FEES
I. Student Activity Fee
A Student Activity Fee is determined, collected, and administered
under the direction of the Board of Trustees by Clarion Students'
Association. This fee amounting to $17.50 each semester, will cover
the cost of student activities in athletics, lectures, entertainments, stU'
dent publications, and the like. The Student Activity Fee for the
summer session is $2.00. Check for this amount mvist be dravm to the
Clarion Students' Association, not to the Commonwealth of Penn-
sylvania.
II. Contingent Fee
A. A Contingent Fee for residents of Pennsylvania, amounting
to one hundred dollars for the regular year of thirtysix weeks or fifty
dollars for each semester of eighteen weeks, shall be charged to cover
registration and keeping of records of students, library, students' wel'
fare, health service (other than extra nurse and quarantine), and
laboratory facilities. Check for this amount miist be drawn to the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
The Contingent Fee for five or fewer semester hours during a
semester is $9.00 per semester hour.
The Contingent Fee for the summer session is $9.00 per semester
hour. A minimum contingent fee of $27.00 is charged for the summer
term.
iB. Students in the Library Science curriculum will be required
to pay an additional fee of $9.00 per semester to cover the cost of
materials, supplies, eqmpment, and special services. For the six weeks
summer session, this fee will be $3.00. For part-time students in
Library Science, this contingent fee for the special curriculum will be
pro-rated on the basis of an 18 semester hour load.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 29
C. The contingent fee for non-residents of Pennsylvania is
$9.00 per semester hour. The special Library Science contingent fee
is the same as that for residents of Pennsylvania.
III. Housing Fees
A. For board, furnished room, heat, light, and limited laundry
the charge shall be $126.00 during each half semester. At the dis'
cretion of the president of the college, an additional $36.00 may be
charged each semester to a student occupying a double room alone, or
twelve dollars for the summer session. No reduction shall be allowed
for laundry done at home, nor for absence of a few days from the
college.
B. For damage, breakage, loss, or delayed return of college
property the charge shall be equal to the extent of the loss.
C. An additional charge of one dollar shall be made to dormi'
tory students for each day beyond three days in the regular college in'
firmary. This charge is not to cover special nursing and medical service.
There shall be a charge of $2.00 a day to day students admitted
to the regular college infirmary under the regulation of the College to
cover board.
D. For students rooming off campus who board in the college
dining room, board shall be $8 LOO per half semester during the regular
semesters and $9.00 per week during the summer sessions.
E. Cost of meals for transients: breakfast, 50c; lunch, 75c;
dinner, $L00.
rv. Miscellaneous Fees
A. A fee of $5.00 is paid by each degree candidate to cover the
cost of executing his diploma.
B. Transcript Fee
One copy of a transcript of credits earned at the State Teachers
College at Clarion will be issued free of charge. A charge of $1.00
is made for a second and each subsequent transcript. Persons desiring
to have their credits transferred to another institution should give the
name and address of such institution.
C. Late Registration Fee
Effective September 1, 1939, each student registered after the
date officially set for registration shall pay an additional fee of $L00
per day until the student is in regular attendance in accordance with
the State regulation, provided that the total amount of the Late Rcgis'
ration Fee shall not exceed $5.00, except when permission for late
registration has been secured from the President because of illness or
30 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
any other unavoidable causes. The same regulation shall apply to
inter'semester payments. Registration is not complete until all fees
are paid.
D. Deposits
A deposit of $25.00 shall be made by all students. This is a
guarantee of the intention of the student to enter college for the term
or semester designated. It is deposited with the Revenue Department
to the credit of the student's contingent fee.
Students who meet the admission requirements of the college, but
who do not report at the beginning of the semester, will not receive
a repayment of this deposit. However, if students are not admitted
by die college after paying the Advance Registration Deposit, they
may receive $15.00 of the registration deposit if they make written
application to the Business Manager of the College before September
of the year they expected to enter.
Check or Money Order for this amount must be drawn to the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. All Post Office Orders must be
drawn on the Post O&ce at Harrisburg.
V.
All fees must be paid in advance and no student shall be allowed
to enroll, graduate, or receive a transcript of record against whom
there are any unpaid charges.
VI. Repayments
A. Repayments will not be made to students who are tempO'
rarily suspended, indefinitely suspended, dismissed, or who voluntarily
withdraw from college.
B. A repayment will be made for personal illness, the same
being certified by an attending physician, or for such other reasons as
may be approved by the Board of Trustees for the amount of the
housing and contingent fees paid by the student for the part of the
semester which the student does not spend in college.
C. $15.00 of the advance registration deposit will be returned
to students provided they notify the College not less than three weeks
before the opening of the semester or term of their intention not to
attend, or provided the student is rejected by the college.
D. There shall be no repayment for any part of the Student
Activity Fee for any cause whatsoever.
E. Refunds vdll not be made unless the student quits school.
F. Students who start boarding in the dining room will not be
permitted to drop out during the semester unless they leave school.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 31
VII. Summary of Fees
(All fees are subject to change)
COST FOR STUDENTS LIVING AT THE COLLEGE
First Semester
Amount due September 4:
Activity Fee $ 17.50
Contingent Fee 25.00
Room, Board and Laundry 126.00
Total due September 4 168.50
Amount due November 4:
Contingent Fee 25.00
Room, Board and Laundry 126.00
Total due November 4 151.00
Total — First Semester $3 19.50
Second Semester
Amount due January 27:
Activity Fee $ 17.50
Contingent Fee 25.00
Room, Board and Laundry 126.00
Total due January 27 168.50
Amount due March 3 1 :
Contingent Fee 25.00
Room, Board and Laundry 126.00
Total due March 31 151.00
Total — Second Semester $319.50
Total for Year $639.00
32 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
COST FOR STUDENTS NOT LIVING AT THE COLLEGE
First Semester
Amount due September 4:
Activity Fee $ 17.50
Contingent Fee 25.00
Total due September 4 42.50
Amount due November 4 :
Contingent Fee 25.00
Total — First Semester $ 67.50
Second Semester
Amount due January 27 :
Activity Fee $ 17.50
Contingent Fee 25.00
Total due January 27 42.50
Amount due March 3 1 :
Contingent Fee 25.00
Total — Second Semester $ 67.50
Total for Year $135.00
A student's books for a year cost between $20 and $40, depending
on the courses he takes.
SUMMER TERM COSTS
The Contingent Fee is $9.00 for each semester hour of credit. (A
minimum contingent fee of $27.00 is charged for the summer term.)
Pre-session $42.00 for board, room and limited laundry
Regular session $84.00 for board, room and limited laundry
Post session $42.00 for board, room and Hmited laundry
An activity fee of $2.00 will be charged for the regular session.
2
O
Q
f-
Tennis
Archery
CLAFaON, PENNSYLVANIA 33
SCHOLARSHIP REQUIREMENTS
Quarterly Reports
For the purpose of reporting the progress of students, each
semester is divided into halves. At the end of the first half, each
teacher submits to the Registrar a report for each student doing un'
satisfactory work in his classes. These reports are sent to the students.
At the end of a semester a permanent report is recorded for each
student, a copy of which is sent to the student and parents or guardian.
Grading System
A indicates superior attainment.
B indicates attainment above average.
C indicates average attainment.
D indicates attainment below average.
E indicates failure.
Inc indicates incomplete work.
W indicates withdrawal from a course.
Inc (incomplete) is not used unless a student has been in attend'
ance through a semester or session. It indicates that the work of a
student is incomplete and that the final grade is being withheld until
the student fulfills all of the requirements of the course. It is used
only when conditions and circumstances warrant and when evidence
is presented to justify its being given.
All incomplete grades must be removed by the end of the fol-
lowing semester or they become failures.
Scholarship Requirements
Students whose failures in any semester or year amount to six or
more semester hours shall not take all the regular work of the following
semester or year. It is recommended that such students attend summer
sessions to make up deficiencies.
Students shall not do student teaching unless they have passed
in English I and II, nor shall students whose recorded or reported fail-
ures amount to six or more semester hours do such teaching. No stu-
dent shall do student teaching unless he has a ''C" average.
Quality points will be assigned as follows: Grade A, 3 quality
points per semester hour; B, 2 quality points per semester hour; C, 1
quality point per semester hour; D, no quality points; E, -1 quality
point. :< I
To qualify for graduation, students must have a "C" average.
34 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL STANDING
OF STUDENTS
The function of the Committee on Academic and Professional
Standing of students is to review the academic and personnel records
of all students whose academic average falls below a "C" or for whom
a report of unsatisfactory professional fitness is rendered to the
committee.
The committee operates under the following rules of procedure:
1. The Committee will meet shortly after the conclusion of each
semester and also shortly after the time for issuance of mid'term com'
ments each semester.
2. The Chairman of the Committee will present to the Com-
mittee at each meeting a list of all college students for whom the
record shows a cumulative average less than "C", together with sup'
plementary data of importance and of concern regarding academic
standing of the students so listed. Included as suggested supple-
mentary data are items such as mid'term comments and semester
average quality points.
3. The Committee will take action, serving as a Committee as
a whole, in placing college students on academic probation in accord'
ance with the following rule:
a. A student shall be placed on academic probation to take
effect the next following semester whenever his cumulative
average becomes less than "C" at the conclusion of a semester.
4. The Committee will recommend to the Dean of Instruction
that a student be suspended for one full semester, to take effect the
next following semester, if the student does not achieve a semester
average of "C" or greater during a semester in course of which the
student has been under academic probation; this is to be done unless
the Committee finds extenuating circumstances in individual cases.
a. If in the course of a probationary semester a student achieves
a semester average of "C" or greater, but does not achieve a
cumulative average of "C" or greater, because of such dc'
ficiency he shall be continued on probationary status for an
additional semester.
CLARION. PENNSYLVANIA 35
5. The Committee will be guided in its work by the policy that
guidance vAW be provided all students who may be placed on academic
probation or academic suspension.
a. Students who are placed on academic probation, or who are
brought under consideration at the time of mid-term com'
ments will be directed to report to the Office of the Dean
for the purpose of being given whatever tests or other
diagnostic measures the Dean may prescribe for all or for
individuals.
b. The Dean will prepare an information folder for each student
who is placed on academic probation or who is brought under
consideration at mid'term for probation. Such folder is to
contain information of potential value in counseling the stu-
dent, plus any suggested guides or forms considered of value
in counseling to be given students by other committee
members.
c. The Dean will assign the students who are placed on academic
probation to other members of the Committee for counseling.
A list of students so assigned will be sent to each Committee
member together with the appropriate folders for the
students.
d. Each Committee member will counsel the students assigned to
him and place written record of recommendations and out-
comes of the counseling in the individual student's folder.
e. Following counseling, each student folder will be sent to the
Office of the Dean of Instruction for review and subsequently
forwarded to the Dean for filing.
6. Students who are placed on academic probation or suspension
will be informed that a written report of their academic status will be
forwarded to their parents or guardians, wife or husband, as the case
may be; such report will be made by the Dean of Instruction acting as
Chairman of the Committee on Academic and Professional Standing
of Students.
7. The Chairman of the Committee will present to the whole
Committee any information which he considers of importance con'
ceming any college student whose status is such as to require com'
mittee inquiry and action as to professional fitness.
8. Procedures for handling cases of professional fitness of stu-
dents sh?t]l be developed by the Committee and recorded in the Com-
mittee Journal.
36 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
ADMISSIONS
Admission of Freshmen
In accordance with the principles governing admission adopted by
the Board of Teachers College Presidents, five general reqioirements
were set up for admission to teachers colleges:
1. General Scholarship.
2. Character and Personality.
3. Health and Physical Vigor.
4. English Fundamentals and Psychological Tests.
5. A Personal Interview.
Candidates for admission must satisfy the following require'
ments in detail as outlined below.
1. General scholarship as evidenced by graduation from an ap'
proved secondary school or equivalent preparation as determined by
the Credentials Evaluation Division of the Pennsylvania Department
of Public Instruction. College authorities will make an appraisal of
the student's detailed secondary school record in order to determine
his capacity to do satisfactory college work. In all cases the college
shall seek further evidence from the results of a reliable aptitude test
such as the American Council on Education Psychological Examina-
tions and a test on Communications such as the Cooperative English
test published by the Educational Testing Service.
2. Satisfactory character and personality traits as well as proper
attitudes and interests as determined by the high school principal,
guidance director or other school official acquainted with the student.
3. Health and physical condition as evidenced by a health exam'
ination by the student's family physician reported on the adopted form
and approved by the college physician. No student shall be admitted
who has, in the opinion of the college, disabilities which would impair
his service as a teacher.
4. Recommendations of two or more college staff members fol'
lowing a personal interview of the appUcant.
5. For admission to special curricula the college may require the
candidate to take an appropriate aptitude test in the special field in
order to obtain further evidence of ability to succeed in the student's
chosen field.
Admission With Advanced Standing
Students transferring from other institutions will not be accepted
without official transcripts of credit and certificates of honorable dis'
missal. If the college transcript does not contain the high school
record, a transcript from the high school is necessary. Such students
are required to have an interview with an official of the college prior
to the opening of the semester in which they wish to enter.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 37
Credit will be given for acceptable courses pursued in accredited
collegiate institutions in which the student has made grades of A, B,
or C. Where the grades are marked on a percentage basis, work
graded five percent above the minimum passing grade will be accepted.
Passing grades of "D" in other institutions will not be accepted.
Students may not obtain a certificate or degree without a mini-
mum residence of one year (thirty semester hours) in this College.
Teachers in service may complete in extension courses not more
than 2 5 per cent of the courses required for a degree.
Students who are not graduates of an approved four-year high
school, must have their credits evaluated by the State Department of
Public Instruction, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Students who need this
type of evaluation should consult the Registrar of the College. This
regulation applies to teachers in service.
All persons who were graduated from a State Normal School
prior to September, 1920, and who have a four-year secondary school
education will be granted no more than 64 semester hours of credit
toward a degree for their normal school work.
No credit for public or private teaching experience, previously
credited as high school equivalent or as equivalent professional credit
toward graduation from a two-year curriculum, shall be granted
toward meeting the requirements for entrance to or graduation from
the four-year curriculums.
In accordance with a state regulation a maximum of six semester
hours of credit may be completed in one semester while a person is
engaged in full-time teaching.
No credit is given for correspondence work taken after September
1, 1927, except that pursued through the United States Armed Forces
Institute.
Testing
To assist in the counseling of students, the college may require
each freshman to take such other tests as the College deems advisable.
In order to determine the student's achievement for further guid'
ance the college may administer to all sophomore students the Co-
operative Tests in English, Contemporary Affairs and General Culture
published by the Educational Testing Service. A careful study of each
individual student by selected faculty members near the close of the
sophomore year is also recommended.
In order to measure the academic success of the student as well
as the effectiveness of the instructional program of the college, the
college may administer a recognized terminal test.
38 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Admission of Freshmen in September, 1957
Applicants for admission to the freshman class in 1957 should
read and observe carefully the following procedure:
1. Come or send to the General OSice of the College for the forms
necessary in making application for admission. There are three of
these: (1) the application and personnel record blank, (2) the re
port of the medical examination, and (3) the report from seC'
ondary officials.
2. Bring or send the personnel record to the College before the date
of the examinations. Have the examining physician send the
medical examination record to the College. The secondary school
record will be sent directly to the College by the principal or other
official of the secondary school.
3. Have a personal interview with an official of the College. The
General Office of the College is open between the hours of 8:00
A.M. and 5:00 P.M. every day except Saturday, when the hours
are from 8:00 A.M. to 12:00 M. At the time of the interview,
students who expect to live in the dormitories should make ar'
rangements for rooms.
Aptitude tests for all applicants will be given promptly at
10:15 A.M. on the following dates:
Saturday, March 16, 1957
Saturday, April 13
Saturday, May 11
Wednesday, June 12
Friday, June 28
Thursday, Jiily 1 1
Wednesday, August 7
Saturday, August 17
Applicants should report to the Dean's office, first floor of Seminary
Hall, by 10:00 A.M. The tests will be completed at 2:00 P.M. and
interviews will be held at that time.
CERTIFICATION
The Provisional College Certificate is issued to applicants who
complete any one of the approved four'year curriculums.
The Permanent College Certificate requires three years of suc-
cessful teaching experience on the Provisional College Certificate in
the public schools of the Commonwealth and the satisfactory com-
pletion of six semester hours of additional work of collegiate grade,
completed subsequent to the issue of the baccalaureate degree. One'
half of this additional work must be professional and the remainder
related to the subjects or subject fields on the certificate.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 39
Visiial Education Requirement — Holders of temporary certifi-
cates of standard grade (normal school certificates, temporary standard
certificates, and provisional college certificates) issued on and after
September 1, 1935, shall have completed a course in visual aids and
sensory techniques to qualify for permanent certification. One or
more semester hours of credit in the course are satisfactory. This is in
addition to meeting the experience requirements.
History Requirements — Subsequent to September 1, 1943, all
permanent certificates issued by the Department of Public Instruction
to teach in the public schools of the Commonwealth, shall, in addition
to the present regulations, require a basic course in the history of the
United States and of Pennsylvania. Subsequent to September 1, 1944,
all certificates issued by the Department of Public Instruction to teach
in the public schools of the Commonwealth, shall, in addition to the
present regulations, require a basic course in the history of the United
States and of Pennsylvania.
A college certificate for teaching in the elementary field may be
validated for the teaching of secondary school subjects by the addition
of twelve semester hours of professional work applicable to the seC'
ondary subjects, six of which must be student teaching.
In addition credits as specified in the lists of majors in the scc'
ondary field must be presented for each field in which certification is
desired.
A college certificate for the teaching of secondary school subjects
may be validated for the teaching of the elementary subjects on the
completion of thirty semester hours of preparation in elementary edu'
cation, including six semester hours of student teaching with pupils of
an elementary grade level. The courses to be completed for this ex'
tension shall be chosen from the following list:
Teaching of Reading Health or Physical Ed. in the Ele-
. . . . , T^, , „ , , mentary School
Art in the Elementary School
e , ^ >. Educational Measurements for
Speech Correction Elementary teachers
Child Psychology Th^ Elementary School Curricu-
Elementary School Methods ^""^
Teaching of Geography "^^^5^]?^ °f Elementary Social
*^ "^ Studies
Civic Education Teaching of English
Children's Literature Teaching of Elementary Science
T,^„„, . , . .^. ^. (Nature Study)
Teachmg of Arithmetic
Principles of Elementary Educa-
Music in the Elementary School tion
No teacher will be certified in Elementary Education who has not
completed a professional course or courses in Health, Art, and Music.
40 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
STUDENT TEACHING
Student Teaching for Regular Students
Those who major in secondary education are assigned to student
teaching during either the seventh or eighth semesters. Each secondary
major will receive an assignment for a full day of student teaching
throughout one semester at one of the public school student teaching
centers within commuting distance of the campus.
Those who major in elementary education are assigned to student
teaching during the junior and senior years. Typically, the fifth
semester is a time for a field study of a public school, the sixth semes'
ter provides a junior observation and participation program in the
Campus Training School. The seventh or eighth semesters provide
for senior student teaching in the Campus Training School.
Student Teaching Credit for Teachers in Service
Experienced teachers with three or more years of experience in
teaching, who become candidates for a degree and who hold certifi'
cates below the level of the Provisional College Certificate may, at the
discretion of an approved institution, complete the unfulfilled student
teaching requirements for the degree in any of the following ways:
(a) Earn the number of hours required in actual student teach'
ing, or
(b) Perform an assignment of work germane to teaching tech'
nique in connection with the regular teaching in a public
school, carrying not less than one semester hour credit or
more than six semester hours credit in a single semester for
all courses pursued, or
(c) Courses germane to teaching technique may be pursued in
individual cases which are approved by the proper authority
of an approved institution for not more than three semester
hours.
Evaluation of Credits
Evaluations of the credits of students are considered valid only
for the year in which distributions are made (year in which credits are
earned). This situation exists because of changes in regulations gov-
erning the value of credits and in the requirements for certification
and graduation frequently made by the State Department of Public
Instruction, the State Council of Education, and the Board of Presi'
dents of the State Teachers Colleges. Students are urged to keep
themselves well informed about their distributions by occasional in-
quiry other than at registration periods, at the General Office.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 41
CURRICULUMS
Clarion offers the following curriculums:
I. A Four- Year Curriculum in Elementary Education lead-
ing to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education.
L Kindergarten- Primary
2. Intermediate
II. A Four-Year Curriculum in Secondary Education de-
signed to prepare for teaching in Junior and Senior high schools
and leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education.
III. A Four- Year Curriculum in Library Science Education
leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education.
IV. Degree Curriculum for Dental Hygienists.
V. Degree Curriculum for Public School Nurses.
42
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
FOUR YEAR ELEMENTARY CURRICULUM
(Sequence of courses subject to change for administrative reasons)
Any variation from the following schedule must be approved
by the Dean.
FIRSr SEMESTER
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required
Communication I 5 5
or English I (3'3) and Speech I (2-2)
Professional Orientation 3 3
Basic Biology 4 3
Health 2 2
World Geography 3 3
Electives 0 0
Total 17 16
SECOHD SEMESTER
Required
Communication II 5 5
or English II (3-3) and Speech II (2-2)
** Introduction to Art 3 2
** Introduction to Music 3 2
Basic Physical Science 4 3
*Physical Education I 2 1
Geography of the U. S. and Pa 3 3
Electives 0 0
Total 20 16
THIRD SEMESTER
Required
World Culture I 5 5
or Literature I (2'2) and History of
Civili2;ation I (3-3)
Music for the Elementary Grades 2 2
♦Physical Education II 2 1
Science for the Elementary Grades 3 3
Art for the Elementary Grades 2 2
Electives 3 3
Total 17 16
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 43
FOURTH SEMESTER
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required
World Culture II 5 5
or Literature II (2'2) and History of
Civilization II (3-3)
Audio-Visual Education 3 2
Teaching of Music in the Elementary Schools 4 3
Teaching of Art in the Elementary Grades 4 3
*Physical Education III 2 1
Electives 2 2
Total 20 16
FIFTH SEMESTER
Required
History of the United States and Pennsylvania I .... 3 3
Language Arts in the Elementary Grades 9 9
or Teaching of Reading (3-3), Teaching of
Language (3-3), Children's Literature (3'3)
General Psychology 3 3
Teaching of Health 3 2
Electives 0 0
Total 18 17
SIXTH SEMESTER
History of the United States and Pennsylvania II .. 3 3
Child Development 3 3
Social Living in the Elementary Grades 9 9
or Teaching of Arithmetic (3-3), Teaching of
Elementary Science (3-3), Teaching of Social
Studies and Geography (3-3)
Electives 3 3
Total 18 18
SEVENTH SEMESTER
Required
American Government 3 3
Home and Family Living (3-3) 3 3
or Introduction to Philosophy (3'3)
Educational Psychology and
Evaluative Techniques 3 3
Electives 6 6
Total 15 15
44
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
EIGHTH SEMESTER
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required
Student Teaching and Direction of
Student Activities 30 12
Professional Practicum including School Law 2 2
Electives 0 0
Total 32 14
Grand Total 128
*Physical Education I, II, and II may be individual or group
activity.
**All or any part of these courses may be scheduled as a part of the
unit in World Culture and the corresponding semester hours added
to World Culture.
A student may be given the privilege of taking an examination in
any subject matter area in which he registers for the purpose of
securing exemption from taking a course.
A student shall be given credit for a course in which he registers and
in which he demonstrates competence by a qualifying examination.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 45
SPECIALIZATION AND ELECTIVES
Provisional Ckjllege Certificates issued on the basis of the four
year elementary curriculum are valid for Kindergarten and Grades
One to Six inclusive and for Grades Seven and Eight if not in an
approved Junior High School or a Junior- Senior High School.
Students may specialise in Early Childhood, in Intermediate
Grade or in Upper Grade teaching by selecting appropriate electives.
Required
Courses listed in the elementary curriculum outline.
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Electives
Arts and Crafts 6 3
Child Adjustment 3 3
Child Psychology 3 3
Creative Activities in the Elementary School 3 3
Creative Art 3 3
Creative Design 3 3
Diagnostic and Remedial Reading 3 3
Harmony I 3 3
Harmony II 3 3
History and Appreciation of Music 3 3
Pre School Education 3 3
Problems in Elementary School Art 3 3
School and Community 3 3
Speech Development and Improvement 3 3
Speech Problems 3 3
Teaching the Exceptional Child 3 3
The Teaching of a Foreign Language in the
Elementary Field 3 3
Students may also elect courses in academic fields and special
curriculums offered at the college.
46 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
FOUR YEAR SECONDARY CURRICULUM
(Sequence of courses subject to change for administrative reasons)
Any variation from the following schedule must be approved by
the Dean.
FIRSr SEMESTER
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required
Communication I 5 5
or English I (3 '3) and Speech I (2-2)
Basic Biology 4 3
Health 2 2
World Geography 3 3
Electives 2 2
Total 16 15
SECOND SEMESTER
Required
Communication II 5 5
or English II (3-3) and Speech II (2-2)
Basic Physical Science 4 3
*Physical Education I 2 1
Professional Orientation 3 3
Fundamentals of Mathematics 3 3
Electives 2 2
Total 19 17
THIRD SEMESTER
Required
World Culture I 5 5
or Literature I (2-2) and History of
Civili2;ation I (3 --3)
** Introduction to Art 3 2
*Physical Education II 2 1
***Science in Modern Civilization 3 3
Electives 6 6
Total 19 17
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 47
FOURTH SEMESTER
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required
World Culture II 5 5
or Literature II (2'2) and History of
Civilization II (3-3)
** Introduction to Music 3 2
♦Physical Education III 2 1
Electives 9 9
Total 19 17
FIFTH SEMESTER
Required
History of the United States and Pennhylvania I.... 3 3
Audio'Visual Education 3 3
General Psychology 3 3
Electives 8 8
Total 17 16
SIXTH SEMESTER
Required
History of the United States and Pennsylvania II.. 3 3
Problems of Secondary Education,
including Guidance 3 3
Educational Psychology and Evaluative
Techniques 3 3
Electives 7 7
Total 16 16
SEVEHTH SEMESTER
Required
American Government 3 3
Home and Family Living (3-3) 3 3
or Introduction to Philosophy (3 '3)
Electives 10 10
Total 16 16
48 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
EIGHrH SEMESrER
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required
Student Teaching and Direction of
Student Activities 30 12
Professional Practicum, including School Law 2 2
Electives 0 0
Total 32 14
Grand Total 128
*Physical Education I, II and III may be individual or group
activity.
**A11 or any part of these courses may be scheduled as part of the
unit in World Culture. If combined, the semester hours devoted
to World Culture will be correspondingly increased.
***Science in Modern Civili2;ation is not required when the first field
of speciali2,ation is any science.
Graduation requirements for this curriculum include specialization
in not less than two teaching fields.
1. The first field shall require not fewer than thirty 'eight (38)
semester hours in general science; thirty 'five (35) semester hours
in chemistry, physics, or English; thirty (30) semester hours in
history, social science, social studies, or biological science;
twentyfour (24) semester hours in foreign language, geog'
raphy, mathematics, or general speech.
2. The second field shall require not fewer semester hours in one
particular area of study than the minimum required for
certification.
A student may be given the privilege of taking an examination
in any subject matter area in which he registers for the purpose
of securing exemption from taking a course. A student shall be
given credit for a course in which he registers and in which he
demonstrates competence by a qualifying examination.
Students may also elect courses in academic fields and special
curriculums for which they are qualified and which are ofi^ered
at the college.
1^-1^1
.^"^
S^^op
Art Club
Stlulnt Union
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 49
LIBRARY SCIENCE CURRICULUM
The State Council of Education on December 3, 1937 approved
the establishment at State Teachers College, Clarion, of a curriculum
for the education of teacher librarians. Clarion is the only State
Teachers College in the western part of Pennsylvania authorized by
the Department of Public Instruction to offer training for teacher
librarians.
Library Science courses are offered as one of the elective fields
for students in a four'year curriculum. A specific group of courses
is intended to prepare a student either as a part'time or full-time
librarian in a public school library. Students majoring in library
science also become certified to teach in one or more other fields such
as history, English, mathematics, Latin, French, Spanish, chemistry,
physics, biolog>', or geography.
A student must have a "C" average to enter the hbrary science
curriculum.
The library science courses are as follows:
Clock Semester
Hours Hours
Administration of School Libraries I 2 2
Book Selection I 3 3
Administration of School Libraries II 3 3
Reference Service I 2 2
Cataloging and Classification I 3 2
Reference Service II 2 2
Book Selection II 3 3
Cataloging and Classification II 2 2
Enrichment Materials I 3 3
Books and Libraries as a Social Force 3 3
Library Practice 15 6
Administration of School Libraries III 3 3
Enrichment Materials II 2 2
50 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
FOUR YEAR CURRICULUM IN LIBRARY SCIENCE
(Sequence of courses subject to change for administrative reasons)
FIRST SEMESTER
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required
Communication I 5 5
or English I (3-3) and Speech I (2-2)
Basic Biology 4 3
Health 2 2
World Geography 3 3
Electives 2 2
Total 16 15
SECOHD SEMESTER
Required
Communication II 5 5
or English II (3-3) and Speech II (2-2)
Basic Physical Science 4 3
*Physical Education I 2 1
Professional Orientation 3 3
Fundamentals of Mathematics 3 3
Electives 2 2
Total 19 17
THIRD SEMESTER
Required
World Culture 1 5 5
or Literature 1 (2'2) and History of
Civilisation I (3'3)
**Introduction to Art 3 2
*Physical Education II 2 1
Administration of School Libraries I 2 2
American Government 3 3
Home and Family Living (3-3) 3 3
or Introduction to Philosophy (3-3)
Total 18 16
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 51
FOURTH SEMESTER
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required
World Culture II 5 5
or Literature II (2-2) and History of
Civilization II (3-3)
**Introduction to Music 3 2
♦Physical Education III 2 1
Book Selection I 3 3
Science in Modern Civilization 3 3
Electives 3 3
Total 19 17
FIFTH SEMESTER
Required
History of the United States and Pennsylvania I.... 3 3
Audio'Visual Education 3 2
General Psychology 3 3
Administration of School Libraries II 3 3
Reference Service I 2 2
Cataloging and Classification I 3 2
Electives 1 1
Total 18 16
SIXTH SEMESTER
Required
History of the United States and Pennsylvania II.. 3 3
Problems of Secondary Education
including Guidance 3 3
Educational Psychology and
Evaluative Techniques 3 3
Reference Service II 2 2
Book Selection II 3 3
Cataloging and Classification II 2 2
Total 16 16
52 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
SEVEHTH SEMESTER
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required
Student Teaching and Direction of
Student Activities 15 6
Professional Practicum including School Law 2 2
Enrichment Materials I 3 i
Books and Libraries as a Social Force 3 3
Electives 2 2
Total 25 16
EIGHTH SEMESTER
Require©
Library Practice 15 6
Administration of School Libraries III 3 3
Enrichment Materials II 2 2
Electives 4 4
Total 24 15
Grand Total 128
*Physical Education I, II, and III may be individual or group activity.
**A11 or any part of these courses (1'3) S.H. may be scheduled as
part of the vmit in World Culture.
Students may also elect courses in academic fields and special cuT'
riculums for which they are qualified and which are ofi^ered at the
college.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 53
DEGREE CURRICULUM FOR DENTAL HYGIENISTS
The degree of Bachelor of Science in Education will be conferred
upon Dental Hygienists meeting the following requirements:
L The possession of a valid license to practice dental hygiene in
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania issued by the State Dental
Council and Examining Board and the Department of Public
Instruction.
"The professional education requirement for dental hy-
giene is the satisfactory completion of an approved dental
hygienist course of instruction of two years of not less
than thirty'two weeks of not less than thirty hours each
week or its equivalent in the graduation from a dental
hygiene school approved by the State Council and Exam-
ining Board."*
2. The satisfactory completion in addition thereto of 64 semester
hours of professional and general education courses distributed
as follows:
Semester
Hours
A. Education 1 1
(1) Professional Orientation 3
(2) General Psychology 3
(3) Educational Psychology and
Evaluative Techniques 3
(4) Audio-Visual Education 2
B. General Education 41
(1) Communication I 5
or English I (3-3)
and Speech I (2-2)
Communication II 5
or English II (3-3)
and Speech II (2-2)
(2) Fine Arts 4
a. Introduction to Art 2
b. Introduction to Music 2
(3) Geography 6
a. World Geography 3
b. Geography of U.S. 6? Canada 3
(4) World Culture I 5
or Literature I (2-2)
and History of Civilization I (3-3)
World Culture II 5
or Literature II (2-2)
and History of Civilization II (3'3)
54 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Semester
Hours
(5) Social Studies 11
a. American Government 3
b. Economics 3
c. History of the United States
and Penna 3
d. Sociology 2
C. Electives 12
Total 64
In each category above, credit will be given for equivalent courses
pursued in the tv/o year Dental Hygiene Curriculum. In such cases
students must increase their electives by the number of semester hours
so credited.
In the case of dental hygienists who had less than two years of
speciali2;ed training on the basis of which they were licensed to practice
dental hygiene, proportional credit will be given. Such persons must
pursue additional general education courses in college to make up
the deficiency.
Electives may be chosen with the approval of the Dean of In'
struction from any field or curriculum offered at the College in which
the student is enrolled.
The curriculum will be effective as of January 23, 1951.
*Bulletin 644, 1950 Rules and Regulations for Applicants for Ad'
mission to Examination for Licensure to Practice Dentistry and
Dental Hygiene and Examination Procedures.
Students may also elect courses in academic fields and special cur'
riculums for which they are quaHfied and which are offered at the
college.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 55
DEGREE CURRICULUM FOR PUBLIC
SCHOOL NURSES
The degree of Bachelor of Science in Education will be con'
f erred upon registered nurses who meet the following requirements:
1. The satisfactory completion of a three year curriculum in
an approved school of nursing and registration by the State
Board of Examiners for the Registration of Nurses of
Pennsylvania.
2. The satisfactory completion of forty-five (45) semester hours
of additional preparation distributed as follows:
A. Courses Related to Public Nursing
Semester
Hours
Public School Nursing 2
Public School Organization 2
Public Health Nursing 6
Nutrition and Community Health 2
Family Case Work 3
Total 15
B. General and Professional Education
History of the United States and
Pennsylvania 3
World Culture ][ 5
American Government 3
Professional Orientation to Education 3
Educational Psychology 3
Audio-Visual Education 2
Total 24
C. Electives 5
Total 45
In the case of nurses with less than three years preparation for
registration, such persons will pursue additional courses to meet the
requirements for the degree.
Electives may be chosen with the approval of the Dean of In-
struction from any field or curriculum offered at the college.
The curriculum will be effective June 1, IP?"!.
Students may also elect courses in academic fields and special
curriculums for which they are qualified and which are offered at
the college.
56 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(First field 30 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required
Botany I 6 4
Botany II 6 4
Zoology I 6 4
Zoology II 6 4
*Teaching of Science in the Secondary School 3 3
Restricted Electives. (At least one course to be selected from each
group below)
Group 1 . Field Courses
Field Botany 5 3
Ornithology 5 3
Entomology 5 3
Ecology 5 3
Field Zoology 5 3
Group 2. Laboratory Courses
Vertebrate Anatomy 5 3
Physiology 5 3
Microbiology 5 3
Parasitology 5 3
Genetics 5 3
*Required only when Biological Science is the first field.
Science in Modern Civili2;ation is not required when the first
field of speciali2;ation is any science.
Basic Biology is not required when Biological Science is a field
of speciali2;ation.
CHEMISTRY
(First field 35 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)
Required
Inorganic Chemistry I 6 4
Inorganic Chemistry II 6 4
Qualitative Analysis 7 3
Quantitative Analysis 7 3
**Physics I 6 4
**Physics II 6 4
*Teaching of Science in the Secondary School 3 3
When Chemistry is the Second Field, the requirement should be
eighteen (18) hours of Chemistry.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 57
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Electives
Organic Chemistry I 6 4
Organic Chemistry II 5 3
Biological Chemistry 6 3
Physical Chemistry 5 3
CoUodial Chemistry 6 3
Industrial Chemistry 5 3
Chemistry of Foods and Nutrition 5 3
Water Analysis 4 2
*Required only when Chemistry is the First Field.
Students who select Chemistry as a First Field with Physics as
a Second Field may count the required hours in Physics I and II
towards the Second Field thereby reducing the First Field to 27 hours.
If any area other than Physics is the Second Field, Physics I and II
will be taken as a part of the First Field in addition to the required
24 credits in Chemistry and 3 credits in Teaching of Science in the
Secondary School thereby making the total credits 35 hours.
Science in Modern Civihzation is not required when the First
Field of specialization is any Science.
**Will be counted as a part of the second field when Physics or
Physical Science is the second field.
Basic Physical Science is not required when Chemistry is a field
of specialization.
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
(First field 30 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)
Required
Inorganic Chemistry I 6 4
Inorganic Chemistry II 6 4
Physics I 6 4
Physics II 6 4
*Teaching of Science in the Secondary School 3 3
In order to meet the minimum certification in Physical Science,
selected as a second field, the student should be required to take an
additional three (3) credits in ''courses definitely related to the
physical sciences."
The requirements for a second field in Physical Science should be
satisfied by "Chemistry, eight (8) semester hours. Physics, eight (8)
semester hours, and one additional course in either Chemistry or
Physics."
Electives
To be selected from Chemistry, Earth Science or Physics.
*Reqi!irpd only when Physical Science is the First Field.
Basic Physical Science is not required when Physical Science is
a field of specialization.
58 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
(First field only, 38 S.H.)
When the Field of Science is offered as a first field and another
science offered as a second field, no credits earned in the first may be
counted in the second field.
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required
Botany I 6 4
Botany II 6 4
Zoology I 6 4
Zoology II 6 4
Inorganic Chemistry I 6 4
Inorganic Chemistry II 6 4
Earth Science 3 3
Physics I 6 4
Physics II 6 4
*Teaching of Science in the Secondary Schools 3 3
*Required only when The Field of Science is the First Field.
Science in Modern Civili2;ation is not required when the First
Field of specializjation is any science.
Basic Biology and Basic Physical Science are not required when
the Field of Science is a field of specialization.
PHYSICS
(First field 35 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)
Required
Physics I 6 4
Physics II 6 4
**Inorganic Chemistry I 6 4
**Inorganic Chemistry II 6 4
*Teaching of Science in the Secondary School 3 3
When Physics is the Second Field the requirement is eighteen
(18) hours of Physics.
Electives
Magnetism and Electricity 6 4
Mechanics 6 4
Heat 6 4
Electronics 5 3
Optics 5 3
Sound 5 3
Physical Measurements Variable
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 59
Students who select Physics as a First Field with Chemistry as a
Second Field may count the required hours in Chemistry I and II
towards the Second Field thereby reducing the First Field to 27 hours.
If any area other than Chemistry is the Second Field, Chemistry I and
II will be taken as a part of the First Field in addition to the required
24 credits in Physics and 3 credits in Teaching of Science in the
Secondary School thereby making the total credits 35 hours.
*Required only when Physics is the First Field.
Science in Modern Civili2;ation is not required when the first
field of specialization is any Science.
Basic Physical Science is not required when Physics is a field of
speciali2;ation.
Competency in Mathematics to carry the work of Physics is a
prerequisite for specialization in Physics as a first field. Courses in
College Algebra and Trigonometry are recommended.
**Will be counted as a part of the Second Field when Chemistry or
Physical Science is the Second Field.
ENGLISH
(First field 35 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required
*Communication I 5 5
or English I (3'3) and Speech I (2'2)
*Communication II 5 5
or English II (3-3) and Speech II (2-2)
**World Culture I (5^5)
or Literature I 2 2
and History of Civilization I
**World Culture II (5-5)
or Literature II 2 2
and History of Civilization II (3 '3)
***Teaching of English in Secondary Schools 3 3
Restricted Electives
At least one course must be selected from each of Groups 1, 2,
3 and 4.
Group 1. Survey Courses:
American Literature 3 3
English Literature 3 3
American Poetry 3 3
American Prose 3 3
Children's Literature 3 3
60 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Group 2. Period Courses:
Pre- Shakespearean Literature 3 3
Shakespeare 3 3
Eighteenth Century Literature 3 3
The Romantic Movement 3 3
Victorian Literature 3 3
Group 3. Literary Form Courses:
Criticism 3 3
Modem Drama 3 3
The Novel to 1870 3 3
Contemporary Novel 3 3
The Essay 3 3
Contemporary Poetry 3 3
Short Story 3 3
Literature of Biography 3 3
Group 4. Composition:
Creative Writing 3 3
Journalism 3 3
Advanced Composition 3 3
English Philology and Grammer 3 3
*In Communication I and Communication II, five (5) semester
hours for each course will be counted tovv/ard specialization in
English as a first field provided General Speech is not used as a
second field, in which case three (3) hours count for English and
two (2) hours count for Speech.
**World Culture I and II are composite courses. Each course will
carry two (2) semester hours toward specialization in English.
***Required only when English is the First Field.
FRENCH
(First field 24 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)
Required
French I 3 3
French II 3 3
French III 3 3
French IV 3 3
Electives
French V Survey of Literature 3 3
French VI Survey of Literature 3 3
French VII Advanced Language and
Techniques 3 3
French VIII French Classical Drama 3 3
French IX French Literature of
the 19th Century 3 3
French X Development of the French Novel .... 3 3
CLARION. PENNSYLVANIA 61
SPANISH
(First field 24 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required
Elementary Spanish I and II 6 6
Intermediate Spanish I and II 6 6
Introduction to Spanish Literature 3 3
Spanish Ck^nversation 3 3
Electives
Advanced Spanish Conversation 3 3
Commercial Spanish 4 4
Spanish'American Literature 6 6
Contemporary Spanish Drama 6 6
GEOGRAPHY
(First field 24 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)
Required
World Geography 3 3
♦Teaching of Geography in Secondary Schools 3 3
Restricted Electives
At least one course must be chosen from each group.
Group 1. Earth Studies:
Climatology 3 3
Geology 3 3
Meteorology 3 3
Physiography 3 3
Cartography 3 3
Group 2. Economics:
Economic Geography 3 3
Commercial Air Transportation 3 3
Conservation of Natural Resources.... 3 3
Geographic Influence in
American History 3 3
Trade and Transportation 3 3
Group 3. Regional Studies:
G^eography of Pennsylvania 3 3
Geography of Asia 3 3
Geography of Africa and Australia.... 3 3
Geography of Europe 3 3
Geography of Far East 3 3
Geography of Latin America 3 3
Geography of U.S. and Canada 3 3
World Problems in Geography 3 3
Field Courses (as approved) 3 3
♦Required only when Geography is the First Field.
62 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
MATHEMATICS
(First field 24 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)
Students demonstrating competence to speciali2;e in Mathematics
will not be required to take Fundamentals of Mathematics.
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required
College Algebra 3 3
Trigonometry 3 3
Analytic Geometry 3 3
Calculus I (Differential) 3 3
Calculus II (Integral) 3 3
*Teaching of Mathematics in Secondary Schools .... 3 3
Electives
Advanced College Algebra 3 3
Synthetic Geometry 3 3
Spherical Trigonometry and Navigation 3 3
Statistics 3 3
History of Mathematics 3 3
College Geometry 3 3
Field Work in Mathematics 3 3
Calculus III 3 3
Mathematics of Finance 3 3
^Required only when Mathematics is the First Field.
SAFE DRIVING AND GENERAL SAFETY EDUCATION
At a meeting of the State Council of Education, January 9, 1948,
the following regulations were passed for the certification of teachers
in the field of Education for Safe Living (Highway Safety and Gen-
eral Safety Education) :
Effective in 1951, twelve (12) semester hours will be required
for the extension of a teacher's certificate to cover this field.
Courses offered will be selected from the following or equivalent
approved courses.
Driver Education and Traffic Safety in
Secondary Schools 3 3
General Safety Education 3 3
Organization and Administration in
Safety Education 3 3
Materials and Methods of teaching Safety
in the Secondary Schools 3 3
Materials and Methods of Teaching Safety
in the Elementary Schools 3 3
The Psychology of Accident Prevention 3 3
Visual and other aids in Safety Education 3 3
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 63
SOCIAL STUDIES
(First field 36 S.H.; Second field 24 S.H.)
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required 27
History of Civilization I 3 3
History of Civilization II 3 3
History of U.S. and Pennsylvania I 3 3
History of U.S. and Pennsylvania II 3 3
American Government 3 3
Home and Family living or 3 3
Introduction to Philosophy
Principles of Economics 3 3
Principles of Sociology 3 3
*Teaching Social Studies in Secondary Schools 3 3
Restricted Electives 9
(Students who choose Social Studies as a first field will elect at
least one course from each group.)
Group I — Sociology and Economics:
Contemporary Social Problems 3 3
Contemporary Economic Problems 3 3
Industrial Relations 3 3
Group II — Political Science:
Comparative Government 3 3
State and Local Gkjvernment 3 3
International Relations 3 3
United Nations: Organization
and Function 3 3
Group III — History:
History of Europe to 181? 3 3
History of Europe since 1915 3 3
History of the Far East 3 3
History of Latin America 3 3
History of Pennsylvania 3 3
•Required only when Social Studies is a first field.
64 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
HISTORY
(First field 30 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Required 15
History of Civilization I 3 3
History of Civilization II 3 3
History of U.S. and Pennsylvania I 3 3
History of U.S. and Pennsylvania II 3 3
♦Teaching Social Studies in Secondary Schools 3 3
Restricted Electives 15
(Students who choose History as a first field will elect at least
one course from each group.)
Group 1 — United States History:
Contemporary United States History 3 3
American Constitutional History
and Law 3 3
Diplomatic History of the United States .... 3 3
Group II— European History:
History of Europe to 1815 3 3
History of Europe since 1815 3 3
Contemporary European History 3 3
Renaissance and Reformation 3 3
Group III — Regional History :
History of Pennsylvania 3 3
History of England 3 3
History of Far East 3 3
History of Middle East 3 3
History of Latin America 3 3
History of Twentieth Century World 3 3
♦Required only when History is a first field.
SOCIAL SCIENCE
(Second field 18 S.H.)
Required 18
Principles of Sociology 3 3
Principles of Economics 3 3
Electives
Group I
Contemporary Social Problems 3 3
Contemporary Economic Problems 3 3
Industrial Relations 3 3
Ph
w
Toboggan Slide
Majorettes
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 65
Clock Semester
COURSE TITLES Hours Hours
Group II
Comparative Government 3 3
State and Local Government 3 3
International Relations 3 3
United Nations : Organization
and Function 3 3
GENERAL SPEECH
(First field 24 S.H.; Second field 18 S.H.)
Required
* Communication I (5' 5)
or English Composition I (3'3)
and Speech I 2 2
♦Communication II (5-5)
or English Composition II (3-3)
and Speech II 2 2
Phonetics and Voice 3 3
Oral Interpretation 3 3
Play Production 3 3
Teaching of Speech in Secondary Schools 2 2
Electives
Stagecraft, Scenic Design and Lighting 3 3
Debate, Group Discussion and Parliamentary
Procedure 3 3
Radio I 3 3
Radio II 3 3
Creative Dramatics and Story Telling 3 3
Costume and Makc'up 3 3
Choral Speaking 3 3
Community Dramatics and Pageants 3 3
Speech Development and Improvement 3 3
Speech Problems 3 3
♦Communication I and II are composite courses. Each course will
carry 2 S.H. credit toward specialization.
66 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
DESCRIPTION OF COURSES
Geneeial Education
The purpose of general education courses, which are required
chiefly in the first two years, is to provide the educational experiences
essential to all persons. It is directed toward the development of the
individual rather than the accumulation of facts which may have Httle
or no bearing upon the art of living. The student must be able to
read, speak, write, and listen intelligently. He must understand him'
self, his family, and people with whom he associates in order to make
the n^^cessary adjustments for effective group living. He must under'
stand and enjoy such things as music, art, and literature, and par'
ticipate to some extent in some form of creative activity. He must be
able to understand his physical environment, and the usefulness of
science in the modern world. General education seeks to develop the
student toward a higher type of personal and social living.
With these purposes in mind, the general education program
falls into five broad areas. These are as follows:
(1) Communication (EngHsh and Speech)
(2) Humanities (Art, music, literature)
(3) Social studies
(4) Natural Science
(5) Health and Physical Education
English I Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Review of grammar, analysis of construction, practice in good
usage, remedial work in punctuation, spelling, and mechanics of Eng-
lish, vocabulary study. Writing of brief compositions for self expres-
sion, also reading to stimulate thinking on problems of our age. The
college librarians collaborate with the English Department on the
introduction of library usage in relation to composition and literature
requirements.
English II Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Study and application of the laws of composition; methods and
types of exposition; description and narration. Paragraph and theme
writing; analysis of literary samples; book reviewing; outlining; as-
sembling bibliography. Continued functional practice in mechanics.
Prerequisite: English I.
Speech I Two hours per week
Two semester hours
Study and application of fundamiental principles of effective
speaking; training in selection, organization, and development of
materials suitable for speeches; recording and analysis of voice; em-
phasis on personality adjusitments as related to si>eaking-listening
situation.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 67
Speech II Two hours per week
Two semester hours
Continuation of Speech I with special emphasis on group discus-
sion and parliamentary procedure; expository, narrative, and de-
scriptive materials; speeches for special occasions; interpretive and
choral reading.
Literature I and II Two hours per week for two semesters
Four semester hours
As an introduction to literature, this course is designed to pro-
vide opportunities for both wide and extensive reading which will
familiarize students with the development of human thought as it
has found expression in the recognized literary masterpieces of all
times and peoples.
Introduction to Art Three hours per week
Two semester hours
A generalized course for all students v/ho expect to become
teachers. The function of art and the artist as an important part of
today's society is studied, discussed, and evaluated. Art of other pe-
riods is given consideration as a basis for understanding and inter-
preting the present. Student needs are considered in relation to
dress, furnishings, and other minor art forms. Studio work, with
emphasis on experimentation in a broad range of material is encour-
aged in order to develop an understanding of the creative process
and sensitivity to all art forms.
Introduction to Music Three hours per week
Two semester hours
This course provides an orientation in music experience which
aims to equip the prospective teacher with knowledge and under-
standing of music as it relates to general education and the art ot
daily living. Through the use of recordings, radio, concerts, and other
media, every possible contact is made with music. The possibility of
correlation with other subjects is explored. This course is required
of all sophomores in general education. No prerequisite courses or
special abilities are required.
History of Civilization I and II
Three hours per week for two semesters
Six semester hours
A study of the origin and development of the political, social,
economic and religious institutions which constitute modern civiliza-
tion, with emphasis upon broad mo\emonts to make realistic the
information necessary for a proper understanding of the great herit-
age that is ours in the present day.
History of United States and Pennsylvania I Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A survey course in the history of the United States and Pennsyl-
vania from the beginning of the colonial period to the end of the
Civil V/ar. Emphasis is placed on the social, economic and political
development of our nation in general and of our Commonwealth in
particulzu".
68 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
History of United States and Pennsylvania II Three hours per week
Three semester hoxjrs
A survey course in the history of the United States and Pennsyl-
vania from 1865 to the present. Stress is placed on the impact of the
Industrial Revolution on our society, the growth of the labor world
power, our part in World War I and n and the activities of our na-
tion in behalf of international organization.
American Government Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The study of the general principles of the American system of
constitutionail government; special emphasis is placed upon the or-
ganization and functions of the national government — legislative,
executive and judicial; rights and dutties of citizenship, the electorate,
political parties, civil rights and the growing regulatory functions of
government are carefully treated.
Home and Family Living Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course deals with the development of the family and the
home in its historical, economic, and legal aspects. The various fac-
tors influencing the organization, disorganization and reorganization
df the family are considered, as well as the modem trends in this
basic institution.
Introduction to Philosophy Three hours per week
Three semester hours
An introduction to philosophy with emphasis upon current and
pertinent problems. An historical survey of the contributions of out-
standing ancient and modern philosophies. Especieil attention is given
to ethical implications.
World Geography Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A basic course organized to develop a knowledge and apprecia-
tion of the physical factors of the environmenit, and man's adjustment
to them. World patterns of land forms, climate, soils, vegetation,
etc., are emphasized in relation to their influence on the economic
and cultural activities of man.
Science in Modern Civilization Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course is designed to acquaint the secondary student with
some of the major discoveries of science in all fields and the effects
of discoveries upon man's way of life. Emphasis is placed upon de-
veloping an understanding of science and its implication. Discoveries
leading to more abxmdant supplies of energy, discoveries contributing
to better health and longer life, more rapid transportation, to a more
abundant and beftter food supply, better housing, better clothing and
to greater destructive potential are some of the topics developed.
Baste Biology Four hours per week
Three semester hours
This course deals vidth the principles of Biology. Topics include
cellular structure and physiology, growth and repair, reproduction
and development, control, sources of food energy, inheritance, and
man's interrelationship with his biological environment. The classi-
fication of plants and animals is reviewed briefly.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 69
Basic Physical Science Four hours per week
Three semester hours
This course utilizes the fields of earth science and astronomy to
provide a broadened background of science. The nature and uses of
energy is the central theme for the study of heat, light, chemical,
electrical, and atomic energy. Emphasis is placed on the methods
and the thinldng of scientists in recognizing and solvine problems.
Health Education Two hours per week
Two semester hours
Consideration is given to the physical and mental equipment of
the individual with the hope that practical application will be made
in personal and community living. Prerequisite: None.
Physical Education I Two hours per week
One semester hour
The development and practice of skills and attitudes in seasonal
activities which may be carried on in college and after college.
Achievement tests are given to determine the needs of the student.
Physical Education U Two hours per week
One semester hour
A continuation of Physical Education I with greater empheisis
and active participation in activities learned in Physical Education I.
Physical Education III Two hours per week
One semester hour
Specialization in selected activities aimed to bring personal per-
formance albility to advanced levels.
Art and Music
Introduction to Art Three hours per week
Two semester hours
This is a generalized course for every one who expects to become
a teacher. Its main objective is the development of culture through
an appreciation of the fine arts. The needs of the individual are con-
sidered in relation to dress, home-fumishing, architecture, the minor
arts, etc., and a text is used as a reference book for these topics. Use
is also made of the college library and the museum. Much contem-
porary art material is brought in by the students, for discussion and
study.
Art Review Two hours per week
No credit
A review of basic information and techniques with emphasis on
gaining an understanding of the fundamental principles of design
and their application to cirt products. Studio projects are developed
around the needs of the students. Recommended for all students with
limited art background.
70 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Art for the Elementary Grades Two hours per week
Two semester hours
This course is for Elementary teachers, all of whom should have
a knowledge of the theory and practice of teaching art in the public
schools. The social and psychological sides of art as well as the best
modern pedagogy are given careful attention. Methods of presenta-
tion are considered as well as techniques, art materials, processes
and sources.
Teaching Art in the Elementary Grades Four hours per week
Three semester hours
Art for the Elementary Grades is a prerequisite and both courses
together constitute one unit. The objectives and achievements are
similar to those of Art for the Elementary Grades.
Art Crafts Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This is a course with a dual purpose. First, it is an enrichment
course meant to give vital experience with the arts and crafts to any
college student, either secondary or elementary. Second, it is to pro-
vide sufficient knowledge and skill for teaching of the arts and crafts
in the elemenetary field. A great deal of freedom is given students
in indtiating their own projects, and carrying them out. Stencilling,
weaving, decorative painting, and modelling are only a few of the
many offered.
Creative Art Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The aim of this elective course is to develop expression in draw-
ing, oil painting, or other art media. The studies are selected and
arranged with regard to the individual interests of the student. No
prerequisite. This course is open to all curricula.
Practical Prohlems in Art Education Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Practical problems in art education may be and usually are var-
ied in nature. Some students require more information regarding
methods of teaching and others feel that more art techniques are
desirable. Whatever the students regard as problems are considered
the objectives of the course and are studied to the point where stu-
dent needs are considered to be satMied.
Introduction to Music Three hours per week
Two semester hours
This course provides an orientation in music experience which
aims to equip the prospective teacher with a knowledge and under-
standing of music as it relates to general education and the art of
daily living. Through the use of recordings, radio, concerts, and
other media, every possible contact is made with music. The possi-
bility of correlation with other subjects is explored. This course is
required of all sophomores in general education. No prerequisite
courses or special abiUties are reqixired.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 71
Fundamentals of Music Two hours per week
No credit
This course is given to all students of the Elementary Curricu-
lum who do not meet the prescribed requirements of a Standard
Achievement Test in Music and v/ho are unable to sing a simple
melody in tune. Fundamentals of Music includes the study of inter-
vals, tetrachords, and scales, measures and key signatures, simple
and compound rhythms, notation and terminology, simple chord pat-
terns (written and keyboard), simple melodic and harmonic dictation.
Prerequisite to: Music for the Elementary Grades.
Music for the Elementary Grades Two hours per week
Two semester hours
TTiis course is required of all students of the Elementary Cur-
riculum. It is designed to equip graduates of the Elementary Cur-
riculum to teach music in the primary grades. Fundamentals are
reviewed, keyboard facility and the child's voice are studied, together
with the five-fold music programs of Kindergarten through grade
three. Observation with participation is a vital part of the classroom
procedure. Prerequisite: Fundamentals of Music.
Teaching of Music in the Elementary Grades Four hours per week
Three semester hours
This coui-se continues the five-fold music program in grades four,
five, and six. Type lessons are taught by the students and construc-
tively evaluated by class and teacher. Prerequisite: Music for the
Elementary Gi-ades.
Education 6? Psychology
Audio'Visual Education Three hours p>er week
Two semester hours
Consideration of the need for sensory techniques and materials
in the learning process with attention given to the psychological
principles involved. Acquaintance with and achievement of skills in
specific techniques, materials, and equipment v/ithin his teaching
field. Activities will include actual jwoduction of material for class-
room use and particii>ation in their use.
Problems of Secondary Education —
Including Guidance Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Consideration of the practical problems of secondary teaching
and organization. Survey of the basic structure and nature of Ameri-
can secondary education emphasizing guidance principles. Prerequi-
site: I*rofessional Orientation.
Professional Orientation Three hours per week
Three semester hours
An orientation and guidance course acquainting prosiiective
teachers with the op[>ortunilies and requirements of the profession;
the relationship of the school to society, the organization and admin-
istration of the American school system. Extensive directed observa-
tion of various schools and learning situations will be required.
72 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Professional Practicum Including School Law Two hours per week
Two semester hours
Methods and practices of teaching. General techniques of teach-
ing and techniques for the students' special field. Pennsylvania school
laws relevant to the work of the classroom teacher. Problems en-
coimtered by the students in their student teaching.
Recent Trends in American Education Two hours per week
Two semester hours
Survey of recent practices, theories, and trends in American edu-
cation. Intensive study of current and recent writings in conjunction
with field trips and extensive observations. Prerequisite: Professional
Orientation.
Student Teaching and Direction of
Student Activities Thirty hours per week for one semester
Twelve semester hours
Observation and participation in all teaching and activities re-
lated to the performance of a teacher's work, in the area of the
student's specialization.
Education — Elementary
Child Adjustment Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Application of the principles of mental hygiene to the problems
of elementary school children in home, school, and community; study
of special agencies conoemed with child, welfare; clinics, social agen-
cies, juvenile courts, etc.
Child Development Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Acquisition of understanding and appreciation of the patterns of
physical, mental, social and emotional growth in the i)eriod of early
childhood. Consideration of local, state, and national agencies con-
cerned with the welfare and education of early childhood. Obser-
vation of learning situations in the family, school and community
environments.
Creative Activities in the Elementary School Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Consideration of the guidance of children in creative learning and
expression. EJmphasis upon the child's needs to discover creative in-
terests and upon the development of skills and refinements of taste
needed for rich experience in art, music and literature.
Teaching of Health and Physical Education Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Acquaintance with recent research in the field of reading to ac-
quaint students with problems and needs common to incompetent
readers and with the most successful materials and techniques for
dealing with such problems. Demonstration and practice in testing,
planning, and directing remedial programs with groups and individ-
uals. Prerequisite: Teaching of Heading.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 73
Diagnostic and Remedial Reading Three hours per week
Two semester hours
Juniors in the Elementary Curriculum wUl take the Professional
Curriculum in Teaching Health and Physical Education during one
semester of the Junior year. The units are designed to present the
meaning, aim, and scope of school health and physical education in
the elementary schools.
The imits cover: Healthful School Living, Health Service, Health
Instruction, Elementary Grade Activities in Physical Education, Les-
son Planning and Practice Teaching.
Teaching of Reading Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Scientific aspects of reading and problems in the teaching of
reading in all elementary grades. Presentation in theory and prac-
tice, from careful examination of research and from observation.
Opportunity for the student to acquaint himself wdth a variety of
modem reading materials and with approved techniques in their use.
Problems of disability and their treatment.
Teaching of Elementary English Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Survey of the content of the curriculum in English in the ele-
mentary grades. Methods of teaching oral and written comix)sition,
principles of grammar, poetry and literature. The teaching of hand-
writing is part of this course.
Children's Literature and Story Telling Three hours per week
Three semester hours
An introduction to important children's books, old and new, and
to techniqnues for the presentation of book materials. It encourages
wide reading of juvenile literature and provides criteria for and ex-
perience in the evaluation of children's books.
Pre'School Education Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Study of pre-school and kindergarten children, of nursery school
and kindergarten programs, materials, equipment and procedure, rec-
ords and reports. Laboratory school experiences supplement reading
jmd discussion of acceptable standards and teaching practices. Pre-
requisite: Child Development.
School and Community Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Study of group and intergroup activities and the role of the indi-
vidual in the group; of community interests, needs, resources and
problems; of teacher responsibility in community activities; profes-
sional, social, civic, religious, and political. Student participation in
community activities is stressed.
The Teaching of Arithmetic Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The various processes and operations needed in the arithmetic of
the elementary school are carefully analyzed so that the students
may see just what must be taught and what problems and difficulties
74 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
are likely to be encountered as this work is presented. Suggestions
for meeting these problems and for preventing or correcting common
arithmetical deficiencies.
Teaching of Elementary Science Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Methods of presenting science in each grade of the elementsiry
school and with the important facts and principles that should be
taught in each grade. Stressed Eire field work, collection of materials,
special techniques and demonstrations to adapt elementary science to
local conditions. Elementary science syllabi of several states and
cities are studied. Evaluations of elementary science texts and pam-
phlets are now available for each grade.
Teaching of Social Studies and Geography Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A survey of methods and techniques, stressing the profitable use
of community resources, the development of health civic attitudes,
and such specific problems as the grade placement of materials, test-
ing, and procedures for creating sustained interest.
Speech Problems Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Acquaintance of students with the various speech problems com-
mon to children in the elementary school. Emphasis is placed upon
rem.edicQ techniques. The study of materials, methods, and tech-
niques used by the classroom teacher in improving the speech of all
children.
Teaching the Exceptional Child Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The study of atypdcail children who need help in order to adjust
and succeed to the extent of their capacity. Students are guided in
recognizing, understanding, and dealing with the additional needs of
the superior child emd the mentally, physically, or emotionally handi-
capped child. The selection, construction and adaptation of learning
aids and materials.
Education — Safety
Driver Education and Traffic Safety Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Classroom instructions combined with road training and the
teaching of driving to beginners using dual control cars. Emphasis is
placed upon the essential facts, principles, skills and attitudes neces-
sary for good driving and the teaching of same to beginning drivei-s.
Ability to use and interpret the results of psycho-physical testing is
required.
General Safety Education Three hours per week
Three semester hoxirs
The development of habits and attitudes that will make for safe
living by both teachers and students. Acquaintance with 1. Rules,
regulations, and laws concerning the operation of motor vehicles;
2. Rules and regulations of pedestrian travel; 3. Other hazards to
which we are commonly subjected, such as fire, electricity, etc., espe-
cially in the home and school.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 75
Methods and Materials of Teaching Safety
Education in the Secondary Schools Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The study of evaluative techniques, content, methods, and teach-
ing aids in the program of Safety Education in the secondary schools.
Organization and Administration of
Safety Education Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Curriculuim content and experiences for all scnooi gi-ades in
safety education, its organization and graduation for teaching pur-
poses. Ways and means of administering a safety education program,
Psychology of Accident Prevemion Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Relates the achievement of behavior outcomes relating lo baie
living to the psychological factors and techniques essential iji the
learning process. A review of the literature and experimentation
relative to proneness to accidents, effect of edcohol on drivers, re-
action times, etc.
Visual end Other Aids in Safety Education Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Evaluation and use of posters, charts, radio, projectors, and spe-
cial aids in the teaching of Safety Education.
Psychology
Child Psychology Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The development of a functional understamding of the maturation
and learning of children from birth to adolescence amd the physical
growth as related to psychological maturation. The laboratory school
is used for the purpose of implementing the basic facts and principles
relating to child growth by frequent observation. Pl-erequisite: Gen-
eral Psychology.
Educational Psychology and
Evaluative Techniques Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The nature of the learning process with emphasis on the applica-
tion of the principles of p>sychology to the problems of learning and
teaching. An important aspect of the course is the study of actual
classroom problems and procedures by observation of regular work
and by special illustrative demonstrations in the laboratory school.
Prerequisite: General Psychology.
General Psychology Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A comprehensive study of the origins, motives, and modifications
of human behavior v/ith emphasis on the scientific approval in ana-
lyzing behavior patterns; the importance of man's biological inherit-
ance, and the significance of social environment in influencing human
living. Attention is given to the sim,pler techniques in psychological
expert men ta tion .
76 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Mental Hygiene Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Problems of personality and mechanisms of adjustment, including
a study of the origin and resolution of conflicts, and the role of emo-
tion in the pattern of behavior are studied. Prerequisites: General
Psychology.
Psychology of Adolescence Three hours per week
Three semester hours
An intensive study of problems in adjustment and development
during the period of transition from ohildliood to adulthood. Special
attention is focused upon inner drives and upon the influence of social
pressiu-es and the principles and facts of adolescent development
which are useful to parents and teachers. Case studies are utilized.
Prerequisite: General Psychology.
Psychology of Exceptional Children Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The problems of exceptional or atypical children. The major pur-
pose is to gain a functional understanding of the various types of
psychological and physical deviates, both as to the genesis of their
behavior processes, their treatment, and the guiding principles in-
volved in their training. Prerequisite: General Psychology.
English Department
The English Department has four broad objectives. The first is
to offer to all teachers trained here the instruction in communication
skills that is necessary in acquiring the background for effective pre
fessional and social relationships. The second is to give the instruction
in literature that is requisite in gaining a general cultural experience
which, shared with other people, nourishes the common sympathies
that strengthen any organized society. The third purpose is to provide
a variety of courses in speech, composition, and literature sufficient to
give the English major subject-matter knowledge adequate for his
professional tasks. The fourth objective is to help the prospective
teacher of English, by example and through course work in methods,
to develop functional teaching techniques for use in his own classroom.
To accomplish these purposes, the Department offers for all
students standard courses in English composition, speech, and world
literature and, for English majors, a variety of courses which include
grammar, composition, literature, and teaching methods.
English I Three hours per week
Three semester hovirs
Review of grammar, analysis of construction, practice in good
usage, remedial work in punctuation, spelling, and mechanics of
English, vocabulary study. Writing of brief compositions for self ex-
piression, also reading to stimulate thinking on problems of our age.
The college librarians collaborate with the English Department in
the introduction of library usage in relation to composition and lit-
erature requirements.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA H
English II Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Study and application of the laws of composition; methods and
t3T)es of exposition; description and narration. Paragraph and theme
writing; analysis of literary samples; book reviewing; outlining;
assembling bibliography. Continued functional practice in mechanics.
Prerequisite: English I.
Literature I and II Two hours per week for two semesters
Four semester hours
As an introduction to literature, this course is designed to pro-
vide opportunities for both wide and extensive reading which will
famiUarize students wdth the development of human thought as it
has found expression in the recognized literary masterpieces of all
times and peoples.
Advanced Composition Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Advanced experience in writing is afforded through the prepara-
tion of reviews, digests, and critical reports, employing expository,
descriptive, and argumentative techniques.
American Literature Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course is a survey of representative American writings from
colonial times to the present. Particular attention is given those writ-
ings which best exemplify democratic ideals and national character.
American Poetry Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The nature, form, and function of verse as exemplified by repre-
sentative American pyoets are examined, with particular reference to
social backgrounds and national ideals.
American Prose Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the development of national ideals as expressed by
representative prose masterpieces, with extensive critical reading
in current i)eriodicals as well as intensive study of great works of
the past.
Children's Literature Three hours per week
Three semester hours
An introduction to important children's books, old and new, and
to techniques for the presentation of book materials. It encourages
wide reading of juvenile literature and provides criteria for and ex-
perience in the evaluation of children's books.
Contemporary K^ovel Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of modem and contemporary movements in fiction based
on the critical reading and analysis of English and American novels
published since 1870.
78 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Contemporary Poetry Three hours per week
Three semester hours
An examination of representative poetry published since 1870, in
both England and America, provides the basis for a study of forms,
aspects, and tendencies in contemporary verse, with particular refer-
ence to poetry as a criticism of modem life.
Creative Writing Three hours per week
Three semester hours
An advanced course for students of marked ability in the crea-
tive processes of writing. The course aims to develop creative ability,
to improve the student's own style, and to furnish methods and mate-
rials for the teaching of composition in the secondary schools.
Eighteenth Century Literature Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A critical consideration of significant eighteenth-century writers
with emphasis upon the struggle between tradition and revolt as re-
flected in the works of Pope, Johnson, Addison, Swift, Goldsmith, and
other representative writers of the period,
English Literature Three hours per week
Three semester hours
English Literature is surveyed from Anglo-Saxon times to the
present with emphasis on recognized masterpieces. The course has
two basic aims: (1) broader Jknowledge of the growth of English and
their relation to historic movements; and (2) wider reading and moi^
intelligent appreciation.
English Philology Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course introduces students to the scientific and historical
study of the development of modem English and the discernible
trends in language today through the use of exercise in phonetics,
etymology, and dictionary usage.
Journalism Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The organization, management, and supervision of the content
of school publications, the preparation of school publicity materials,
and the development of journalistic style is acquired through practical
participation in journalistic activities.
Literary Criticism Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The historical study of literary criticism and aesthetic theory,
with emphasis upon modern trends.
Modern Drama Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A comprehensive view of the best dramatic literature of the
modern American and British theatre since 1890 is presented through
lectures, discussions, and experiences related to the contemporary
stage.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 79
Pre'Sha.\espearean Literature Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the cultural backgrounds of the English-speaking
race, its folkways, legends, balladry, and history, particularly, as
reflected in Beowulf, the Arthurian epics. Chaucer and Spenser.
Teaching of English in Secondary Schools Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The content of language-arts requiremeiv.s of the secondary
school is review wdth special reference to grade-placement and adap-
tation of materials, appraisal of results, and the development of
programs of study. Directed observation in the laboratory is fre-
quently employed.
Sha\espeare Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The work of this course is a study of selected comedies, trage-
dies, and historical plays by Shakespeare, together with the social,
historical, and literary background necessary for their full aoprecia-
tion. Particular reference is made to those plays most frequently
included in secondary school curriculums.
Short Story Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The development of the short story as a distinct and popular cur-
rent literary form is traced through its history and technique. Recent
tendencies are investigated and wide reading in current periodicals is
encouraged.
The Essay Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The history and development of the essay as a distinctive literary
form, together with readings in current periodical non-fiction and
provision for opportunities for self-expression through writing.
The Literature of Biography Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the historical development of biographical writing with
readings from Plutarch, Boswell, Carlyle, Macaulay, Strachcy, Brad-
ford, Ludwig, and standard and contemporary biographers.
The Travel to 1870 Three hours pi^r week
Three semester hours
A study of the rise and development of the novel in English from
its predecessors of the eighteenth century to Hardy and Mark Twain.
A selected list of novels is assigned for analysis with a view to culti-
vating an appreciation of this dominant literary form.
The Romantic Movement Three hours per v/cck
Three semester hours
A study of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Bryon, Shelly, Keats, and
their contemporaries, in the light of social background and biograph-
ical and critical doctrine.
80 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Victorian Literature Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Victorian culture is studied through its interpretation by poets
and essayists of the period, with particular reference to the writings
of Carlyle, Ruskin, Newman, (Browning, Tennyson.
Speech I Two hours per week
Two semester hours
This course includes the study and application of the fundamen-
tal principles of effective speaking; training in the selection, organi-
zation and development of materials suitable for speeches; recording
and analysis of voice; personality adjustment as related to speaking-
listening situation; diacritical markiiig and vocabulary building.
Speech II Two hours per week
Two semester hours
A continuation of Speech I with special emphasis on group dis-
cussion, parliamentary procedure, speeches for special occasions, ex-
pository, narrative and descriptive materials; interpretative or choral
reading.
Phonetics and Voice Three hours per week
Three semester hours
An emalysis of the speech sound used in English so that the stu-
dent develops auditory acuity and correct reproduction of soimds;
transcriptions of spoken material using I. P. A. system; comparison
of phonetic alphabet and diacritical marking system; study of struc-
ture and function of speech organs; voice improvement; apphed pho-
netics for speech correction.
Speech Correction Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Designed to train prospective teachers to care for defective
speech in the classroom and to make educators and society cognizemt
of the increasing need for a definite speech education program in our
public schools. A study of speech sound, speech mechanisms, symp-
toms, causes, and treatment of minor speech, voice and hearing
disorders.
Oral Interpretation Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Emphasizes the understanding and appreciation of literatiu-e
through .developing skill in reading aloud. Help given in selecting,
adapting and preparing literature for presentation. Special attention
given to reading materials required of the classroom teacher.
Play Production Three hours per week
Three semester hoxirs
An introductory course in the theory and practice of all phases
of play production, designed to stimulate the cultural and social de-
velopment of the Student and to aid the prospective teacher to pro-
duce plays. Emphasis upon the directing of the play.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 81
Stagecraft arid Scenic Design and Lighting Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The technical study of stage mechanics, construction and paint-
ing of scenery, lighting.
Debate, Group Disciission, and
Parliamentary Procedure Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the theory and practice of debate, principles and
methods of patterns of group discussion, rules amd procedures in Par-
liamentary Law.
R/idio I Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course combines lecture and workshop, deals with radio as
a resource for the classroom teacher; utilize live programs, transcrip-
tions and recordings; presents problems of equipment, use mainte-
nance and opjeration of school radio workshop.
Radio U Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Additional practicum in radio production. Practice in attaining
skill in microphone techniques and in preparing scripts for routine
and special occasions.
Creative Dramatics and Story Telling Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This is a course in the technique and practice of story telling,
drsmiatic play, and dramatization for teachers of the kindergarten
and elementary grades.
Costume and tvia^e-up Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The history of costume; designing, dyeing and sewing of clothes
for production; selection of materieds, making of costume plates, ma-
terials and techniques of make-up.
Choral Speaking Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Choral speaking aims through the communal voicing of poetry to
stimulate appreciation, interpretation, and artistic expression of
poetry to demonstrate the educational and social values of unison
speech, and to train choral leaders in the technique of choir conduct-
ing and in the selection and treatment of materials.
Community D-ramatics and Pageants Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study ol the theory and practical problems in stage movement
and business, ligthing, costume and make-up. Material is presented
from the standpoint of the director of pageants in schoois, on play-
grounds, in camps, and community projects.
82 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Foreign Language
The Objectives of Foreign Language Teaching are :
1 . To promote better feeling between peoples of different lands
by instilling into students a better understanding of the
customs, cultural pursuits, and national objectives of those
foreign peoples.
2. To attempt to make the student as fluent as possible in the
foreign language studied.
3. To give the student a good understanding of the grammatical
make'up of the language studied.
4. To demonstrate practical and functional methods of teaching
the language so that those who are students now may make
capable teachers later on.
French
French I Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course includes pronunciation, conversation and elementary
French Grammar. Stress is placed on accurate grammatical construc-
tion, by use of French to English translations as well as English to
French translations. Conversation lis stressed in class and each stu-
dent is urged to use the language as much as possible in class.
French H Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course is a continuation of French I with special stress on
irregular verbs and the construction of tenses.
French III Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course includes a review of French grammar with si)ecial
emphasis on aU the more common irregular verbs and idioms. Atten-
tion is given to correct pronunciation and reading aloud in French.
The aim of the course is to provide a good background for future
work in French. Prerequisite: two years of high school French or
equivalent.
French JV Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A continuation of French I with emphasis on the Subjunctive
Mood and advanced composition.
French V and VI — Survey of Literature
Each course: Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Selected readings from authors whose works throw light upon cur-
rent problems of social living. Form and oral expressiion are taught
in the framework of the literature read. Prerequisite: French IV.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 83
French VII — Advanced Language and
Techniques Three hours per week
TTiree semester hours
Elmphasis is placed not only on the ability to speak and v."rite a
foreign langtiage, but on the techniques necessary for the foreign
language teacher. Prerequisite: French V.
French VIIL — French Classical Drama Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The masterpieces of Comeille, Moliere, and Racine are read,
after a consideration of the early history of the drama. Prerequisite:
French IV.
French IX — French Literature of the
J^ineteenth Century Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This includes the development of both the Romantic £ind Nat-
uralistic schools. Prerequisite: French IV.
French X — Development of the French Tvfovel Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Representative novels from eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth
centuries are read and discussed in the native language. Prerequi-
site: French IV,
Spanish
Spanish I — Beginners' Spanish Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course includes pronounciation, conversation and elementary
Spanish Grammar. Stress is placed on accurate grammatical con-
structions, by use of Spanish to English translations as well as Eng-
lish to Spanish translations. Conversation is stressed in class and
each student is urged to use the language as much as possible in class.
Spanish II — Beginners Spanish Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This coulee is a continuation of Spanish I with special stress on
irregular verbs, the construction of tenses and the subjunctive mood.
Spanish III — Conversational Spanish Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course deals only with spoken Spanish. The entire class is
conducted in the vernacular with stress on grammatical correctness.
Spanish IV — Intermediate Spanish Grammar Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A review of elementary grammar with special emphasis on irreg-
ular verbs, orthographic and radical changing verbs.
Spanish V — Spanish Literature Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Study of outstanding writers and literary movements. Activities
include supplementary reading, oral and written reports and crit-
iques. Prerequisite: Spanish IV.
84 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Spanish VI — Spdnish- American Literature Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Study of outstanding writers and literary movements. Activities
include supplementary reading, oral and written reports and crit-
iques. Prerequisite: Spanish IV.
Spanish VII — The Short Story in
Spain and America Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A survey of the cultivation of the genre. There are readings
from the works of Pardo Bazan, Valle Inclan, Juan Valera, Jose
Ruben Romera, Rafel Delgado, (Horacio Quiroga, Roberto Payro, and
others. The work includes oral and written reports and critiques.
Prerequisite: Spanish IV.
Spanish VIII — The Novel in Spain
and America Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the development of the novel. Representative types
such as the picaresque novel, the psychological novel, the novel of
social thesis, the regional novel, and the historical novel are analyzed.
There are readings from Cervantes, Valera, Pereda, Galdos, Blasco
Ibanez, Baroja, Alarcon, Palacio VaJdes, Lopez Y Fuentes, Azuela
Galvez, Gallegos, and others. The work includes oral and written
reports and critiques. Prerequisite: Spanish IV.
Spanish IX — The Drama in Spain
ayid America Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This is a review of the history of the theatre and various dra-
matic forms such as the classic drama of the "siglo de oro," the ro-
mantic movement, the realistic theatre, and the genero chico. There
are readings from Lope de Vega, Calderone de la Barca, Tirso de
Molina, Echegaray, Rivas Juana Inez de la Cruz, Alarcon Benaveate,
Los Quinteros, Florencio Sanchez, and others. This course includes
oral and written reports, critiques, and dramatic readings. Prereqtii-
site: Spanish IV.
Spanish X — Mexican Literature Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course is a chronological survey of outstanding works in
the prose and poetry of Mexico, pointed toward clarifications of Mexi-
can history and contemxx)rary writings. The work includes oral and
written reports and critiques. 'Prerequisite: Spanish IV.
Spanish XI — Intensive Grammar and
Teaching Techniques Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Einphasis is placed on the ability to write and speak the foreign
language through intensive study of the structiu-e of the language.
Spanish XII — Advanced Conversation
and Composition Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Development of facility in using the everyday language in Iboth
oral and written communications with people to whom the language
is nati'.'e.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 85
Geography
The purpose of the geography department is to aid students in
developing knowledge, understandings, attitudes, and skills that are
essential to the teaching profession. Geography is the study of cause
and effect; the influence of man's environment upon his needs, in'
terests, problems, and activities. It involves a knowledge of all phases
of the natural environment and an understanding of people's adjust'
ments to their environment. A knowledge of our earth and its people
will be a great asset to students and teachers; therefore, college stu'
dents should elect geography courses whenever possible.
Common Objectives of the Courses in Geography are:
1. To develop a knowledge and appreciation of the relationship
of man's activities to his natural environment.
2. To gain a knowledge of topography, climate, soil, vegetation,
minerals, water, and location which are significant in developing geo'
graphic understandings.
3. To develop the ability to think geographically in terms of
relationships.
4. To gain a sympathetic understanding of and a respect for
people who inhabit lands unlike our own, thus helping the student
avoid national prejudices and racial antagonism.
5. To recogni2;e the importance of wise utilization of our land
and all its resources.
6. To acquire abihty and skill in obtaining geographic informa'
tion from landscapes, pictures, maps, books, and current literature.
7. To acquire the habit of evaluating all geographic information
attained from various sources.
8. To organize geographical units of study.
World Geography Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A basic course organized to develop a knowledge and apprecia-
tion of the physical factors of the environment, and man's adjustment
to them. World patterns of land forms, climate soils, vegetation, etc.,
are emphasized in relation to their influence on the economic and
cultur?il activities of man.
Geography of United States and Pennsylvania Three hours per week
Three semester hours
An analysis of population, land utilization, production and trade,
through a comprehensive study of the relations between the physical
factors of the environment and man. The first part of the course
deals with Pennsylvania, and through its economic position within the
States, proceeds logically to an analysis of the nation as a whole and
its world relations. Prerequisite: World Geography.
86 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Cartography Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A course designed to develop proficiency in the use and inter-
pretation of globes, maps, models, graphs, cartograms, and geographic
diagrams. A study of the history of maps and map making; instruc-
tion in the construction of selected projection, graphs, and diagrams;
and the application of each to the teaching of geography, form the
content of the course. Prerequisite: World Geography.
Climatology Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A systematic study of the climatic regions of the world and the
advantages and limitations of each for man's occupance. The phys-
ical aspects of the atmosphere, and the regional characteristics of
climate are investigated. The course is valuable background material
for the course World F^rdblems in Geography. Prerequisite: World
Geography.
Commercial Air Transportation Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the development of commercial aviation. Govern-
mental agreements, subsidies, control and use of air bases, the sig-
nificance of Great Circle routes and the Polar regions are considered.
The course may be used as an elective in Aeronautic Education. *Pre-
requisite: World Geography.
Conservation of l^atural Resources Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the utilization of the nation's resources in order to
analyze the need for conservation, the problems of conservation, and
to investigate suggested methods for the prevention of waste. The
resources of land, water, plant and animal life, mineral resources, and
man are considered.
Economic Geography Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the activities whereby man makes a living. World
production in agriculture, forestry, mining and manufacturing; dis-
tribution of population; and world trade are considered and the
knowledge acquired is applied to an interpretation of world problems.
The course furnishes a background for greater understanding of na-
tional and international affairs.
Geographic Influences in History Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the relations between the natural environment and
the historical movement of man. The course emphasizes the influence
of coasts, islands, rivers, mountains, vegetation, and soil in the ex-
ploration and the settlement of the United States and in the expan-
sion of the American people from a small nation to a great world
power. Prerequisite: World Geography.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 87
Geography of Asia Three hours per week
Three semester hours
An economic study of the major geographic regions of the Soviet
Union, Southwestern Asia, and India. Special emphasis is placed on
the recent cultural and political changes in the area and the signifi-
cance of these changes in the world economy. Prerequisite: World
Geography.
Geography of Africa and Australia Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A regional study of Africa, Austrcdia and the neighboring islands
of the Pacific, showing the social and economic development of these
lands in relation to their physical environment. The political affilia-
tion of these lands, the geographic aspects of the problems of colo-
nies, land tenure, race, and the significance of strategic location and
production are considered. Prerequisite: World Geography.
Geography of Europe Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A regional course designed to develop unbiased understanding of
the economic problems of Europe. Geographic relationships under-
lying land utilization, boundary disputes, and dominant international
problems are considered. The Soviet Union is not included in this
course. Prerequisite: World Geography.
Geography of the Far East Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of Japan, China, the Philippines, Southeastern Asia, and
the East Indies. Factors of the natural environment and man's ad-
justment to them economically, socially, and politically, are investi-
gated. Problems of lav/ standards of living, conservation of resources,
wider use of resources, and industrialization are considered. Prereq-
uisite: World Geography.
Geography of Latin America Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A comparative study of the geographical regions of Middle and
South America. The Latin American relations with the United States
and the rest of the world are interpreted through an analysis of the
economic, socied and cultural activities of man in relation to the
physical factors of his environrient. Prerequisite: World Geography.
Geography of Pennsylvania Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A regional analysis of Pennsylvania, emphasizing man's cultural
and economic response to environmental factors. Special attention is
given to the resources of the state, analyzing their extent, their use,
the need for well directed conservation, and the regional planning
program of the Commonwealth. Field trips are an integral part of
the course. Prerequisite: World Geography and the Geography of
Pennsylvania and the United States.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Geography of the United States and Canada Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A regional study of the United States and Canada, considering
man's adjustment to the physical factors of relief, climate, soil, vege-
tation, and mineral resources. Political structure, and the relations
between the two countries and the rest of the world, are analyzed
from a geographic point of view. Prerequisite: World Geography.
Geology Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the surface forms, composition, and structure of the
earth. E\mphasis is placed on the agencies which are continually at
work altering the earth's surface forms, the classification and inter-
pretation of rocks, and the evolution of life. Prerequisite: World
Geography.
Physiography Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the physical phenomena as dynamic forces affecting
man. The content of the course consists of a systematic study of
land forms, their origin and the forces that produced them, soils,
minerals, water resources, and their effect on man. Prerequisite:
World Geography.
Meteorology Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A systematic study of the atmosphere. The course analyzes the
laws and underlying principles of atmosphere change. An opportunity
is afforded the student to become familiar with the common weather
instruments, to dbserve and record weather data, to read and inter-
pret weather maps, and to consider the probleims of aviation growing
out of atmospheric conditions. Prerequisite: World Geography.
Teaching of Geography in Secondary Schools Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A survey of available materials and current curricula in the field
of geography form the basis for an analysis of modern techniques in
the teaching of geography. Emphasis is placed on the importance of
geographic thinking in the interpretation of national and interna-
tional problems, acquisition of good habits for citizenship, analysis
of text books and course contributing to these objectives.
Trade and Transportation Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of world trade and the resulting major transportation
routes with their associated ports, railroad centers, and contributing
winterlands. Consideration is given to the locational factors of cities,
roads, railroads, sea routes, air lanes; and to the problems of the
modern cities and the tendency for decentralization.
World Problems in Geography Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A political geography. Attention is given to boundary problems,
the value and control of colonies, fishing agreements, problems con-
cerning the commercial aviation, world trade, world food supplies,
control and development of natural resources, and the geographic
aspect of problems concerning world peace. Prerequisite: World
Geography.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 89
LffiRARY SCffiNCE
Bool{ Selection I Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A course intended to cultivate book appreciation and book knowl-
edge and give guidaince in general reading. Includes principles and
criteria used in book selection; textual and physical aspects of books;
book reviews and other aids in selection; leading publishers and their
contributions; survey of outstanding books o: various types; and
practice in book reviewing.
Boo\ Selection II Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of children's books and reading interests, habits and
skills which will prepare a person to give effective library service to
elementary pupils. Extensive reading of children's books; criteria for
their evaluation; their production; illustrators and their work; with
special emphasis on recreational reading.
Boo\s and Libraries as a Social Force Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course introduces the student to adult reading interests and
habits so the school librarian may give some service to parents of her
pupils or direct them to available library service. The history of
books and libraries, good printing and book design, book clubs; sources
of good revievvs, adult education and organizations sponsoring it; the
work of public libraries.
Cataloging and Classification I Three hours per week
Two semester hours
A study of the preparation, arrangement, and function of the
dictionary card catalog which will enable the student to prepare the
simplified catalog needed in a school library. How to purchase and
adapt printed catalog cards; preparation of unit cards; analytics and
added entries, filing of cards; the catalog as the main index to a
library's materials.
Cataloging and Classification U Two hours per week
Two semester hours
This course emphasizes classification by the Dewey Decimal sys-
tem, with constant review and practice of the principles of cataloging
learned in Cataloging and Classification I. An analysis and under-
standing of the Dewey Decimal classes; practice in assigning class
numbers; sources for suggested numbers; assigning subject headings;
preparation of the shelf list.
Reference Service I Two hours per week
Two semester hours
A careful study of the general reference books most suitable for
a school library which will enable a librarian to purchase wisely, use
effectively and teach pupils their use. Some attention will be given
to the preparation of annotated bibliographies for teachers. The
evaluation and use of dictionaries, encyclopedias, yearbooks, hand-
books, directories, serials, indexes, and bibliographies.
90 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Reference Service II Two hours per week
Two semester hours
The oibjectives are similar to those for Reference Service I but
the Ibooks and materials studied are in the special fields with emipha-
sis on secondary school subjects. Among the fields studied are his-
tory, social sciences, science, applied sciences, the arts, literature, and
philosophy and religion. Reference procedures and organizations are
given added attention.
Administration of School Libraries 1 Two hours per week
Two semester hours
Provides an introduction to librarianship, a picture of an effec-
tive school library, develops a philosophy of librarianship, and pro-
vides practice work in a school library. The librarian's status, and
duties; the objectives and organizations of a school library, its rela-
tion to the rest of the school; management of pupils; housing and
equipment and personnel.
Administration of School Libraries II Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Provides study of additional matters relating to the administra-
tion of a school library; budgets, finances, and acquisitions of mate-
rials; controlling pupil attendance; circulating materials to pupils
and teachers; preparation of books and materials for the shelves;
relation of the school library to school, community, state and federal
governments. Cooperation with library organizations and educational
foundations.
Administration of School Libraries III Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Concentrates on the following objectives and content: (1) To
develop knowledge and sldll for keeping books, magazines in good
physical condition. This includes mending and repair, weeding and
discarding. (2) To study the processes whereby a school library is
evaluated, and the means whereby the library may be improved so
that a favorable report may be expected. (3) To plem off-campiis
field work and use reports of experiences for review and further
study. (4) To study annual rejxjrts and other means of advertising.
Enrichment Materials 1 Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The following problems and topics are studied: materials and
methods for teaching pupils and faculty to use books and libraries;
a study of school objectives and courses of study as based for enrich-
ment by a librariaji; sources of materials, such as the Standard Cata-
logs and Rue indexes — ^which will supplement textbooks and courses
of study; materials good for enrichment in many subject areas; and
ways to present materials to pupils and teachers.
Enrichment Materials II Two hours per week
Two semester hours
Effective ways for libraries to secure, organize and use pamphlet,
visual, auditory, and non-book materials as learning aids in schools.
A study of pamphlets and clippings and information files; visual aids;
pictures, slides, films, film strips, microfilm, microcards, television,
museum materials, auditory aids; radio, recordings of music, books,
speeches, story telling, iforeign languages, and scripts accompanying
film strips.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 91
Mathematics
The study of mathematics presents exceptional opportunities for
the development of the powers of quantitative thinking as well as an
appreciation of both its cultural and utilitarian values. Mathematics
arises from human needs and human curiosities; it finds its applications
in most of the fields of human endeavor. Since it is both an art and
a science, students are inculcated with a sense of its imaginative
beauty and esthetic values but without neglecting its stupendous im'
portance in the development of our present and future civilization.
Course Objectives
1. To increase understanding of basic concepts and principles under'
lying arithmetic, algebra, geometry, statistics, and calculus.
2. To increase skill in mathematical operations, this will include such
things as comprehension of the power of symbolism and functional
relationships.
3. To comprehend the many applications and relationships of mathc
matics to life needs.
4. To emphasize reasoning with special attention to the role of
definitions, undefined terms, assumptions such as axioms and
postulates and the other means of arriving at valid conclusions.
5. To emphasize the use of models and historical developments as
enrichment materials for teaching.
6. To utilize field trips, conferences and other off'campus activities
to keep instruction up-to-date and closely related to everyday life.
7. To present all course work in a professional manner so that stu-
dents may have constantly before them a model method of pres-
entation of subject matter which they may utilize in their own
professional career.
Fundamentals of Mathematics Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Development of the number system; nature and application of
fundamental processes; extension of the numlber system to include
common and decimal fractions and negative numbers; approximate
natiire of measurements; i>er cents; language of algebra including
formulas, graphs, tables, and equations; meaning of proof; elemen-
tary concepts of statistics; art of indirect measurement; additional
topics of interest to students. Not counted toward field of speciali-
zation.
College Algebra Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Fundamental operations, factoring; fractions; exponents; func-
tions and their graphs, linear, quadratic, and systems of equations;
proportion and variation; progressions; mathematical induction; loga-
rithms, determinants; permutations and coiibinations. Prerequisites:
1 year high school algebra and 1 year high school geometry.
92 CLAPJON, PENNSYLVANIA
Trigonometry Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Function of an angle, logarithms, use of tables; radians; identi-
ties; trigonometric and exponential equations; solution of triangles
by natural functions and logarithms; inverse functions; complex num-
bers, application of all processes in practical problems.
Analytic Geometry Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Correlation of algebra and geometry in finding equations of lod
and loci corresponding to certain equations; properties of the straight
line, the circle and conic sections; rectangular and polar coordi-
nates; transformation of coordinates; parametric equations, a brief
introduction to three dimensions. Prerequisties : College Algebra and
Trigonometry.
Calculus I— Differential Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Elementary concepts of limits and the derivative; applications of
the derivative in problems of maxima and minima, rates, velocity,
acceleration; possible introduction of integration as the inverse of
differentiation. Prerequisite: Analytic Geometry.
Calculus U — Integral Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Integration as the inverse of differentiation; formulas of inte-
gration; the definite integral; methods of integration, integration as
the limit of a sum applied to areas, volimies, lengths of curves and
other practical problems. Prerequisite: Calculus I.
Synthetic Geometry Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Extension of competency in geometry; modern problems of the
triangle and the circle; further development of rigorous proof; con-
struction based on loci and indirect elements; non-Euclidean geom-
etry. Prerequisite: High school (Plane Geometry.
Statistics Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Basic principles and methods of statistics common to scientific
research, understanding of and ability to use graphs, frequency dis-
tributions, measures of central tendency and dispersion, normal
curve; correlation; regression and prediction; reliability of statistical
measures; curve fitting; development of formulas.
Teaching of Mathematics in Secondary Schools Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Place and function of mathematics in secondary education; content
and the improvement and evaluation of instruction in mathematics;
acquaintance 'vvith current literature and research; observation in
secondary schools. Prerequisite: 9 hours of college mathematics.
Advanced College Algebra Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Theory of equations; determinants; partial fractions; series; com-
plex numbers; further development of permutations, combinations
and prdbability. Prerequisite: CoUege Algebra.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 93
College Chemistry Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Studj' designed to establish professional competence in geometry.
Subject matter is chosen from Plane and Solid Geometry; topics also
from advanced geometry.
Field V/or\ in Mathematics Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Mathematics applied to the enrichment of secondary school
mathematics. Use of the transit, angle mirror, bypsometer, sextant,
and other measuring instruments; simple map making exercises and
elementary surveying; construction and use of student-made instru-
ments and teaching devices.
History of Mathematics Tliree hours per week
Three semester hours
Study of the growth of mathematics through the centuries and
the men who contributed to it, enrichment of the mathematical back-
ground of the students; integration of basic areas of mathematics.
Prerequisite: Analytic Geometry.
Calculus III Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A continuation of the calculus to include series, additional work
in partial differentiation, multiple integrals, and elementary differ-
ential equations. Prerequisite: Calculus n.
Mathematics of Finance Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Introduction to elementary theory of simple and composed inter-
est with solution of problems in annuities, sinking funds, amortiza-
tion, installment buying, mathematics of life insurance.
Spherical Trigonometry and l^avigation Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Solution of the right and oblique spherical triangles with empha-
sis on their practical application, especially in the field of navigation.
94 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Natural Science
Courses in Natural Science are designed to promote two groups
of objectives. The survey courses, required of all except those who
choose a science as a field of speciali2;ation, are designed to give under'
standing of fundamental principles of Physical and Biological Sciences
and an appreciation of the influence of scientific discoveries on history,
economics, political developments and philosophical thoughts.
The student who chooses science as a field of specialisation is
given a broader foundation of knowledge, skill in laboratory technique
and facility in the solution of scientific problems. He is instructed in
teaching methods which are applicable to the work of the public
schools.
Biological Sciences
Botany I Six hours per week
Four semester hours
A study chiefly of the flov/ering plants. It considers the anatomy
and life processes of plant cells, leaves, stems, roots, seeds, and fruit.
Stresses the economic importance of certain species and the recogni-
tion and classification of many of the seed plants in the area of the
college. Three lectures and three laboratory or field trip hours
weeMy.
Botany II Six hours per week
Four semester hours
A study chiefly of the non-flowering plants. It considers both the
anatomy and life processes of selected algae, bacteria, fungi, mosses,
ferns and their allies. Emphasizes the economic importance and
health implications of certain species of these groups. Stresses the
recognition and classifications of many of the non-flowering plants
found in the area of the college. Three lectures and three laboratory
or field trip hours weekly. iPrerequisite: Botany I.
Zoology I Six hours per week
Four semester hours
A study of the origin, development, anatomy, physiology, life
history, and habits of each phylum of the invertebrates. Attention is
given to those vertebrates of economic importance to man. Acquaints
students with many invertebrate species found in the area of the col-
lege. Three lectures and three laboratory or field hours weekly.
Zoology 11 Six hours per week
Four semester hours
A study of the Chordates and especially the various classes of
vertebrates. Stress is placed uix>n the anatomy, physiology, origin,
and development of each class. Special attention is given to the ver-
tebrates found in the area of the college, particularly birds and mam-
mals. Three lectures and three laboratory or field trip hours weekly.
Prerequisite: Zoology I.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 95
Ecology Five hours per week
Three semester hours
Considers plants and animals in relation to the environment in
which they live. Special attention is given to plant and animal com-
munities in Pennsylvania. Individual problems assigned. Two lec-
tures and three laboratory or field trip hours weekly. Prerequisites:
6 credits in Biology.
Genetics Five hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the facts and theories of inheritance. The works of
leading geneticists are reviewed. Special emphasis is placed upon
modem methods used for the improvement of plants and animals
with particular attention paid to the problems of human inheritance.
Prerequisite: 6 hours Biology.
Vertebrate Anatomy Five hours per week
Three semester hours
A course in mammalian Einatamy designed for majors in Biology.
Although the cat is used for lecture and laboratory work, consider-
able emphasis is given to comparisons with other vertebrate animals,
especially man. Two lectures £md one three-hour laboratory period
weekly.
Physiology Five hours per week
Three semester hours
A course designed to give the student a general background of
how animals carry on their 'bodUy processes with special emphasis
upon human physiology. Two lectures and one three-hour laboratoiy
period weekly. Prerequisites: Anatomy of Vertebrates and two se-
mesters of General Chemistry, also Zoology I and II.
Field Botany Five hours per week
Three semester hours
Methods useful in the study of plants in their natural surround-
ings. The use of keys, botanical manuals, and illustrated floras to
identify living specimens wall constitute a major activity. Among the
desirable outcomes should be an acquaintance with non-cultivated
plants as sources of emergency or staple foodstuffs, fibers, lumber,
pollen and nectar, as well as their invaluable importance to wildlife.
Two lectures and one three-hour laboratory or field trip period
weekly.
Ornithology Five hours per week
Three semester hours
An introduction to the birds of Pennsylvania with emphasis uix>n
identification of birds in the field. Lectures deal with internal and
external adaptations for aerial travel, classification, migration, habi-
tats, plumage changes, nesting habits, and economic relations. Two
lectures and three laboratory or field trip hours weekly.
Entomology Five hours per week
Three semester hours
A general study of insects including structure, physioloto', classi-
fication, economic importance, and relationships. Each student is
required to complete a project including a collection and a roix>rt on
some group of insects. Two lectures and one three-hour laiboratoi-y
or field trip period weekly. Prerequisite: Zoology I.
96 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Microbiology Five hours per week
Tliree semester hours
A study of microscopic forms of life with em.phasis on the disease
producing species of Man and his domesticated animals. Two lectiires
and three laboratory hoiirs weekly. Prerequisite: two semesters of
Biology and two semesters of Genergd Chemistry.
Parisitohgy Five hours per week
Three semester hours
Emphasis is placed upon the anatomy, physiology, life, history,
and habits erf parasites primarily of Man and his domesticated ani-
m.als. Special attention is given to parasitic worms and insects found
in the area of the college. Two lectures and three laboratory or field
trip hom-s weekly. Prerequisites: Zoology I and n.
Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry I
Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week
Four semester hours
This course includes a chemical study of the structure and be-
havior of matter. Topics stressed in the first semester are the gas
laws, solutions, valence, ionization, acids, bases, oxidation and reduc-
tion as well as the writing of equations and solving of problems.
Inorganic Chemistry II
Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week
Four semester hours
This course is a continuation of Inorganic Chemistry I and
stresses the m.ore fundamental concepts of non-metsils, metals, atomic
structure, the periodic classification of elements, and simple qualita-
tive tests for cations and anions. Prerequisite : Inorganic Chemistry I.
Organic Chemistry I
Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week
Four semester hours
This course is an elective for those who plan to major or minor
in Chemistry. It includes a study of the hydrogen compounds of car-
bon of the aliphatic series with emphasis on structural relationships
and nomenclature as well as on uses and characteristic properties.
Prerequisite: Inorganic Chemistry.
Organic Chemistry II
Two class hours per week and three lab. hours per week
Three semester hours
This course is a continuation of Organic Chemistry I. It deals
primarily with the amines and proteins and those compounds belong-
ing to the aromatic series. Both micro and semi-micro techniques
are employed to stress the properties and type reactions of the usual
classes of organic compounds. Prerequisite : Organic Chemistry I.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 97
Physical Chemistry
Two class hours per week and three lab. hours per week
Three semester hours
This course is an introduction to the fundamental principles of
theoretical chemistry ^vith application in the solution of problems and
training in the techniques of physicaJ-chemical measurements. The
following topics are Industrial Chemistry.
Industrial Chemistry
Two class hours per week and three lab. hours per week
Three semester hours
This course deals with the application of theories, laws and cal-
culations of chemistry to industrial processes. An intensive study of
at least one major industrial process is made by each student. The
class work is supplemented by selected laboratory experiences and
numerous trips to neighboring industries. Prerequisites: Inorganic
Chemistry.
Water Analysis
One class hour per week and three lab. hours per week
Two semester hours
This course is a study and analysis of water for potable qualities
and elimination of industrial contamination is emphasized. Prerequi-
site: Inorganic Chemistry.
Laboratory Techniques in Chemistry
fWor\shop) Three semester hours
This course includes laboratory planning; selecting, care, and
storage of equipment, malving of solutions and various reagents from
stock supplies. Setting up classroom demonstrations for use in sec-
ondary schools is stressed. Prerequisite: Inorganic Chemistry.
Qualitative Analysis
One class hour per week and six lab. hours per week
Three semester hours
This course is a study of the theoretical principles and practices
underlying analytical chemistry. It includes study and practice in
separating and identifying the cations and anions of the more com-
mon elements and radicals. Prerequisite: Inorganic Chemistry.
Sluantitative Analysis
One class hour per week and six lab. hours per week
Three semester hours
This course gives introductory training in the theory and prac-
tice of gravimetric, volumetric, electrolytic, and potentiometric
analysis. Quantitative calculations and relations are stressed. Pre-
requisite: Qualitative Analysis.
98 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
Physics I
Physics
Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week
Four semester hours
This is an introductory course in mechanisms, heat, and sound.
Some of the topics studied are the mechanics of solids, liquids, gases,
thermometry, calorimetry, and heat transference, the production and
nature of sound waves including musical soimd.
Physics II
Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week
Four semester hours
This is a continuation of Physics I and an introductory course in
magnetism and electricity. Some of the topics discussed are reflec-
tion and refraction, optical instruments, spectra and interference.
The portion devoted to electricity and magnetism deals with the gen-
eral concepts of magnetism, electrostatic, electrical circuits, genera-
tors, motors, and alternating ciurents.
Magnetism and Electricity
Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week
Four semester hours
This is an advanced course in general electricity and magnetism.
The electric magnetic fields, D.C. and A.C. circuits, capacitance, in-
dustance, electromotive force and electrical instruments axe among
the topics developed. Prerequisites: Physics I and n.
Mechanics
Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week
Four semester hours
This is an intermediate coiu-se in mechanics of solids, liquids, and
gases. An opportunity is provided for a deeper insig'ht into the prin-
ciples in operation and their practical application. Studies are made
of rectilinear and circular motion, work and energy, impulse and
momentimi, simple harmonic motion and hydrostatics. Emphasis is
placed on qualitative considerations. Prerequisites: Physics I and n.
Heat
Three class hours per week and three lab. hours per week
Four semester hours
This is an intermediate course in heat. The basic concepts and
principles are developed more intensively in the study of the proper-
ties of gases and in thermodynamics. Some of the specific topics
studied are temperature measurements, expansivity, specific heats,
thermal conductivity of solids and liquids, thermal conductivity of
solids and liquids, thermal properties of gases, change of phase and
heat engines. iPrerequisites : Physics I and n.
Electronics
Two class hours per week and three lab. hours per week
Three semester hours
This is a course dealing with the electron, including the charge,
emission, and velocity of the electron. The fundamentals of vacuum
tubes and their circuits and the use of tubes in communications and
industry are studied. Prerequisites: Physics I and n.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 9S
Optics
Two class hours per week and three lab. hours per week
Three semester hours
This is an intermediate course in optics. Geometrical and phys-
ical optics are included. Reflection and refraction at surfaces, lenses,
interference and diffraction, elementary spectroscopy and jwlariza-
tion of light are discussed. Applications are made in the study of
optical instruments. [Prerequisites: Physics I and n.
Sound
Two class hours per week and three lab. hours per week
Three semester hours
This is an intermediate course in the study of sound. The phys-
ical basis of sound is studied under such topics as wave motion, char-
acteristics of sound waves, reproduction and measurement of sound,
the ear and hearing, and architectural acoustics and sound insulation.
Prerequisites: Physics I and II.
General Courses
Science for the Elementary Grades Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course, following the year of basic science, is designed to
provides the elementary teacher with a more adequate background
for teaching science in the elementary school. Units or problems are
selected to achieve this purpose which cuts across various fields of
science. Emphasis is placed upon developing resourcefulness in gath-
ering data and using the scientific method in the solution of such
problems.
Teaching of Science in Secondary Schools Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course is planned to give the prospective science major a
thorough grounding in the problems of teaching Science, The objec-
tives of the science program in the secondary school, selection of
textbooks, sources of suitable literature, how to secure materials for
instruction, the preparation of units, and special techniques are stud-
ied. Prerequisites: 12 hours of work in major field.
Social Studies
The Department of Social Studies includes history, government,
economics, and sociology. In the teaching of these fields, this depart'
ment seeks as its first objective to enable students to become intelligent
citizens in a democratic society. Through a study of American
political and social traditions, students are led toward an understanding
of the basic problems confronting the nation and the world. Secondly,
its major task is the training of future teachers in these fields by
developing the students' capacity for sound scholarship. Next, this
department attempts to provide students with an adequate social
science background which will enable them to develop into community
leaders regardless of their profession.
100 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
History of Civilization I and II
Three hours per week for two semesters
Three semester hours
A study of the origin and development of the political, social,
economic and religious institutions which constitute modern civiliza-
tion, with emphasis upon broad movements to make realistic the in-
formation necessary for a proper understanding of the great heritage
that is ours in the present day.
History of United States and Pennsylvania I Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A survey course in the history of the United States and Pennsyl-
vania from the beginning of the colonial period to the end of the
Civil War. Emphasis is placed on the social, economic and political
development of our nation in general and of our Commonwealth in
particular.
History of United States and Pennsylvania 11 Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A survey course in the history of the United States and Pennsyl-
vania from 1865 to the present. Stress is placed on the impact of the
Industrial (Revolution on our society, the growth of the labor world
power, our part in World War I and 11 and the activities of our na-
tion in behsdf of international organization.
History of Pennsylvania Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the founding and development of Pennsylvania from
its colonial beginning to the present time. Ztmphasis is placed on the
social, economic and political developments in the different periods
of its history. Special attention is given to the diversity of the peo-
ple, their institutions and problems and the growth of Pennsylvania
to a leading position in our modem industrial world.
American Government Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The study of the general principles of the American system of
constitutional government; spvecial emphasis is placed upon the or-
ganization and f\mctions of the national government — legislative,
executive and judicial; on the rights and duties of citizenship, the
electorate, ix)litical parties, civil rights and the growing regulatory
functions of government are carefully treated.
Home and Family Living Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course deals with the development of the family and the
home in its historical, economic and legal aspects. The various fac-
tors influencing the organization, disorganization and reorganization
of the family are considered, as well as the modern trends in this
basic institution.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 101
Introduction to Philosophy Three hours per week
Three semester hours
An introduction to philosophy with emphasis upon current and
pertinent problems. An historical survey of the contributions of out-
standing ancient and modern philosophies. Especial attention is given
to ethical implications.
Principles of Economics Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course emphasizes economic principles which are fundamen-
tally for an appreciation of our modem economy. While stressing the
forces and factors that e;fplain production, distribution, and con-
sumption in our capitalistic order, much attention is also given to
practical economic matters, including labor problems, co-operative
movements and business management.
Principles of Sociology Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This is a basic course in sociology dealing with the interaction
arising from the association of human beings. Emphasis is placed
upon natural and social heritage, the meanings and functions of cul-
ture, the origin, function, and characteristics of social institutions,
such as the family, religion, and the state; with inquiry into the na-
ture and genesis of pathology.
Contemporary Economic and Social Problems Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course consists of a study of certain of our more crucial
present day problems such as: labor relations, money and banking,
social waste, the family, crime and delinquency, race relations, inter-
national trade, government regulation and the individual's responsi-
bility as a citizen of the world.
Teaching of Social Studies in
Secondary Schools Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course is intended to familiarize prospective teachers with
desirable methods which may be used in teaching the social studies.
Emphasis is placed on the philosophy, objectives, courses of study,
and organization of subject matter for teaching purposes, curriculum
materials, procedures and development.
Early European History from IS 00 to 181S Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the development of the social, economic, political, reli-
gious and cultural experiences of the European people, emphasizing
the cause and effect of interrelation and intcr-dependence of both
people and events that are basic to understanding the fundamental
forces that lead to modem life.
102 CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA
History of Europe from 181 S to the Present Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A comprehensive study of the factors contributed iby the E\u:o-
pean people in their national organization through their political,
social and economic activities. The understanding of the casual and
intergroup relationships are essentially basic to analysis and inter-
pretations of the difficulties facing the European world today.
History of England Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course traces the growth of the people and institutions of
England from the conquest by the Anglo-Saxons to the present. The
emphasis is placed on the development of those factors that gave rise
to the struggle and events that culminated in the establishment of
democratic principles and organization in our modern world.
Twentieth Century World History Three hours per week
Three semester hours
The significance of events in the present century is brought out
in this course toy a study of the growth of capitalism, imperialism,
totalitarianism, international jealousies, World Wars I and 11 and the
attempts of the family of nations to find world peace through inter-
national understanding.
Diplomatic History of the United States Three hours per week
Three semester hours
Special emphasis is placed on a study of our foreign relations
from the 'beginning of our national history to the present. Such
aspects as the growth and influence of a policy of "isolation," the
creation and development of the Monroe [Doctrine, the changing posi-
tion of the United States as a v/orld power, and the prdblems incident
to the assumption of the resulting responsibilities.
International Relations 1919 to the Present Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course emphasizes the modem economic, social, political,
religious and cultural problems that reflect their influence of inter-
national relationships of the nations of the world using the United
States as the point of departure. Special attention is paid to the
struggle of the people through their representatives in international
conferences and organizations to resolve their differences.
History of Latin America Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course surveys the development of the Latin American coun-
tries from the period of discovery to the present. The economic, so-
cial, political and cultural areas receive special attention first as
domestic problems, then as they are related to the various political
units involved. The influence of European and American relations as
they are reflected in local changes are given consideration.
CLARION, PENNSYLVANIA 103
The Renaissance to Reformation TV«ree hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the Rennaissance and Reformation with particular
emphasis on the important political, economic, social and cultural
forces that emerged during this period of transition and ushered in
the modern western culture. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of
modem states and the rise of individualism.
History of the Middle East and India Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the various civilizations that developed in this area
with regard to their contributions as they influenced both oriental
and occidental achievements. Special emphasis is placed on the mod-
em aspects of their relation to world knowledge and to the problems
of cun'ent international interest.
History of the Far East Three hours per week
Three semester hours
A study of the development of the people of China, India, Japan,
Indonesia and the iPaciif c islands. Attention is given to their cultures
and developmental problems as they are related to each other and to
the Occident.
Consumer Education Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course is designed to develop techniques and methods which
will enable the buyer to evaluate, on a quality and price basis, the
mjTiad goods sold in the modern market place. Among the matters
considered are the follovving: installment buying, choice of product,
insurance, advertising and others of similar importance.
Municipal Government Three hours per week
Three semester hours
This course deals with the history, organization, structure and
functions of the major types of city government in the United States.
Consideration is given to the development of modern administrative
techniques and methods as they apply to municipalities. The prevail-
ing forms of government and administration used by boroughs and
townships in Pennsylvania are surveyed.
Comparative Government Three hours per week
Three semester hours
In this course major attention is given to Great Britain and So-
viet Russia as best representing, among foreign governments, the
democratic and authoritarian system. Brief consideration is given to
the govemments of France, Italy, Germany and Japan. Frequent
comparisons and contrasts are drawn between these governments aJid
government in the United States.
INDEX
Page
Accelerated Program 24
Activities, Student 18
Activity Fee 28
Administrative Officers 4
Admission Regulations
Freshman 36
Advanced Standing 36
Assembly 23
Athletic Organizations 21
Audio Visual Library 24
Board of Trustees 3
Campus and Facilities 14
Calendar 5
Certification Requirements 38
Committees, Standing 11
Commuting Students' Rooms_ 18
Contingent Fee 28
Course Descriptions
Art and Music 69
Education & Psychology 71
General Education 66
Elementary Education 72
Psychology 75
Safety Education 74
English 76
Foreign Language
French 82
Spanish 83
Geography 85
Library Science 89
Mathematics 91
Natural Science 94
Biological Science 94
Chemistry 96
Physics 98
General 99
Social Studies 99
Speech 80
Courses of Instruction
Biological Science 56
Chemistry 56
English 59
French 60
Geography 61
History 64
Library Science 49
Mathematics 62
Physical Science 57
Physics 58
Safety Education 62
Science 58
Social Science 64
Social Studies 63
Spanish 61
Speech 65
Page
Curriculums 41
Dental Hygiene 53
Elementary Education 42
Library Science Education_ 50
Public School Nurse 55
Secondary Education 46
Degree Fee 29
Deposits 30
Dormitories 17
Dormitory Guests 24
Dormitory Rules and
Regulations 17
Employment, Student 25
Evaluation of Credits 40
Evening Classes 24
Faculty 6
Fees 28
Fraternities 23
Freshman Admissions — 1957_ 38
Grading System 33
Guests 24
Guidance, Student 25
Health Service 25
Housing Fee 29
Living Outside Dormitories 18
Late Registration Fee 29
Loans, Student 26
Objectives 12
Pa. Regional Audio Vis. Lib. _ 24
Personnel Services 24
Placement Service 27
Professional Clubs 20
Purpose of the College 12
Religious Organizations 19
Repayments 30
Reports, Grades 33
Scholarship Requirements 33
Scholarships 26
Social Program 18
Sororities 23
State Council of Education 3
Student Activities 18
Student Personnel Services — 24
Student Senate 19
Student Teaching
Regular Students 40
Teachers in Service 40
Summary of Fees 31 & 32
Summer Sessions 23
Summer Session Fees 32
Testing 37
Transcript Fee 29
Uniforms for Physical
Education Classes 24
Veterans' Guidance 28
Live Music
Archive
Librivox
Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland
Museum of Art
Internet
Arcade
Console Living Room
Open Library
American
Libraries
TV News
Understanding
9/11